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Locomotor > Osteochondrosis and hip dysplasia > Flashcards

Osteochondrosis and hip dysplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of hip/elbow dysplasia (HD, ED)

A
  • genetic component (high heritability): other factors too (diet, exercise)
  • Heritability factor for ED is 50-70%, for HD is 2030%
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2
Q

Define heritability factor

A

the proportion of a disease that can be proved to be due to genetics.

  • totally d/t genetics heritability = 100%
  • not d/t genetics heritability = 0%
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3
Q

How can polygenic disease be expressed?

A

only as a risk or liability

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4
Q

What is the function of screening?

A
  • detect carriers (radiographic signs)
  • detects primary disease (ED, HD)
  • detects secondary OA
  • no relevance to clinical problem/ individual animal
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5
Q

Define dysplasia

A

abnormality of development

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6
Q

What is HD characterised by?

A
  • ligament hypertrophy (slack ligaments)
  • subluxation (partial dislocation)
  • destruction of cartilage
  • change of shape of joint surface
    THESE LEAD TO:
    secondary OA (bony and fibrous)
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7
Q

What aspects of the clinical exam should be focused on for suspect HD?

A
  • GAIT: abnormal HL gait, lame leg?

- PE: mm wastage in HL?, foot/tarsus/stifle/lumbosacral spine WNL, hip ROM normal, bilateral pain at full extension

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8
Q

What is the ortolani test?

A
  • a test for subluxation
  • bigger the angle of reduction, the slacker the joint capsule
  • the closer the angle of reduction to angle of luxation, the shallower the acetabulum (indication for sx)
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9
Q

Outline canine bone and mm development

A
  • bone: complete by 9mo
  • mm: fully developed by 16-17 mo
  • interim time (7mo - 16mo): animals are susceptible to pain, exercise intolerance etc, past this CS improve
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10
Q

Typical CS - HD - 0-6mo

A
  • subluxation, abnormal gait
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11
Q

Typical CS - HD - 6-16mo

A
  • subluxation
  • abnormal gait
  • sublux, damage and inflammation, pain, lame
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12
Q

Typical CA - HD - 16 mo +

A
  • abnormal joint secondary OA
  • pain, lame
  • mm/fibrous stabilisation
  • pain free restricted range
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13
Q

How do you adapt tx to geriatrics?

A
  • same principles as young animals
  • won’t respond as well to physio
  • harder to diet
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14
Q

Tx - HD - 0-60mo

A

conservative diet/exercise

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15
Q

Tx - HD - 6-16mo

What about heavier dogs?

A
  • conservative diet/exercise (drugs)
  • surgical: anatomical correction*, exploratory arthrosplasty
  • dogs >15-20kg
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16
Q

Tx - HD - 16mo+

What about heavier dogs?

A
  • conservative diet/exercise (drugs)
  • sx (hip replacement*, ex. arthroplasty)
  • dogs >15-20kg
17
Q

Is there any evidence that you can induce HD through exercise?

A

None at all

18
Q

Subclinical HD

A
  • anatomical changes exist and can be documented by radiographs
  • dog shows no CS
19
Q

Describe clinical HD

A

anatomical changes lead to pain lameness, restricted movement, exercise intolerance

Locomotor (31 decks)

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