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Locomotor > Cartilage development > Flashcards

Cartilage development Flashcards

1
Q

Contents - hyaline cartilage

A
  • collagen
  • PG
  • water
  • to resist compressive forces
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2
Q

Tissues in a synovial joint

A
  • bone
  • cartilage
  • joint tissue
  • synovial membrane
  • synovial fluid
  • ligament
  • tendon
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3
Q

What happens with arrest of physis?

A

shortening or deformity of limb

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4
Q

Differentiate valgus and varus deformity

A
  • valgus = lateral deviation

- varus = medial deviation

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5
Q

T/F: it is normal for epiphysis to expand during growth

A

True

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6
Q

Define osteochondrosis

A

in veterinary, this is a term for a group of conditions of developing cartilage and its supporting bone. example is osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD)

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7
Q

What happens in OCD?

A

detachment of a chondral or osteochondral fragment from the articular surface

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8
Q

What is subchondral bone cyst (SBC) an example of?

A

example of osteochondrosis

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9
Q

What is peri-articular fragmentation/ fracture?

Example?

A
  • detachment of a chondral or osteochondral fragment from the peri-articular area
  • e.g. fragmentation / fracture of medial coronoid processs of canine elbow (FCP or FCMP)
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10
Q

What initiates osteochondrosis?

A

initiated by a vascular problem in the epiphysis –> failure of normal cartilage to bone succession

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11
Q

Examples - osteochondrosis in dogs - 3

A
  • OCD
  • FCP = Fragmented Coronoid Process
  • UAP = Ununited Anconeal Process
  • elbow, shoulder, stifle, tarsus (other posible)
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12
Q

Signalment - osteochondrosis

A

all animals are fast growing, all are young

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13
Q

Examples - osteochondrosis in horses - 2

A
  • OCD
  • SBC
  • stifle, tarsus, MCP, PIP, DIP
  • shoulder, elbow, carus
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14
Q

Example - osteochondrosis in pigs

A

OCD especially hip

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15
Q

Example - osteochondrosis in broiler chickens

A

OCD stifle

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16
Q

Possible tx - juvenile developmental joint complaints

A
  • depends on presentation
  • symptomatic
  • conservative
  • surgical (open or arthroscopy): encourage removal, encourage repair
17
Q

Prognosis - juvenile developmental joint complaints

A
  • variable
  • related to formation of OA
  • shoulder forms little OA (good prognosis)
18
Q

Differentiate OA in animals from humans

A
  • humans = disease of ageing/degeneration
  • animals = usually secondary to primary predisposing disease, worsened or exacerbated with exercise, can be ageing too but usually secondary.
19
Q

Elbow OA - tx

A
  • symptomatic
  • conservative
  • sx (open or arthroscopy): fragment removal, encourage repair
  • novel tx that change anatomy
  • prognosis depends of degree of OA formation (may need salvage procedure)
20
Q

Why does osteochondrosis –> OA?

A
  • irritation
  • direct cartilage damage
  • incongruency, mechanical incompetence
  • cycle of reaction
  • often temporarily stabilises in young adult
21
Q

List broad categories of primary joint disease

A
  • DEVELOPMENTAL: HD, osteochondrosis
  • DEGENERATION (of a specific structure): canine cruciate disease
  • INFECTION (septic arthritis)
  • TRAUMA: acute or chronic (performance animals)
  • IMMUNE-MEDIATED
22
Q

List some primary joint diseases of dogs

A
  • OCD
  • FCP (elbow)
  • UAP
  • elbow, shoulder, stifle, tarsus (others possible)
23
Q

List some primary joint diseases of horses

A
  • OCD and SBC

- stifle, tarsus, MCP, PIP, DCP (shoulder, elbow, carpus)

24
Q

Describe osteochondrosis presentation

A
  • young, fast growing, large, pure bred
  • joint effusion (inconsistent)
  • often bilateral
  • lameness (variable, on and off not uncommon, related to pain and loss of ROM)
  • subclinical disease is possible
25
Q

Prevention - ED

A
  • large genetic component
  • large subclinical population (silent carriers)
  • use screening system to remove carrier animals
  • similar system for hip dysplasia
26
Q

Animals affected by HD and ED

A
  • numerous large (and small) dog breeds
  • seen in some cats
  • Norwegian Dole ponies
27
Q

When do HD CS tend to start?

A

in affected breeds from 5 months onwards

28
Q

Typical HD presentation

A
  • puppies of affected breeds from 5mo +
  • lameness or gait abnormality, related to pain or mechanical inefficiency
  • inability to manage some types of exercise (stairs, car)
  • bilateral signs
  • instability of the coxofemoral joints and pain on manipulation
29
Q

What is canine elbow dysplasia (ED)?

A
  • osteochondrosis is the primary disease in this SYNDROME
  • ED includes:
  • OCD
  • FCP/ FCMP
  • UAP
  • secondary OA
    = a combination of all/some of these is ED

Locomotor (31 decks)

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