Cartilage development Flashcards
Contents - hyaline cartilage
- collagen
- PG
- water
- to resist compressive forces
Tissues in a synovial joint
- bone
- cartilage
- joint tissue
- synovial membrane
- synovial fluid
- ligament
- tendon
What happens with arrest of physis?
shortening or deformity of limb
Differentiate valgus and varus deformity
- valgus = lateral deviation
- varus = medial deviation
T/F: it is normal for epiphysis to expand during growth
True
Define osteochondrosis
in veterinary, this is a term for a group of conditions of developing cartilage and its supporting bone. example is osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD)
What happens in OCD?
detachment of a chondral or osteochondral fragment from the articular surface
What is subchondral bone cyst (SBC) an example of?
example of osteochondrosis
What is peri-articular fragmentation/ fracture?
Example?
- detachment of a chondral or osteochondral fragment from the peri-articular area
- e.g. fragmentation / fracture of medial coronoid processs of canine elbow (FCP or FCMP)
What initiates osteochondrosis?
initiated by a vascular problem in the epiphysis –> failure of normal cartilage to bone succession
Examples - osteochondrosis in dogs - 3
- OCD
- FCP = Fragmented Coronoid Process
- UAP = Ununited Anconeal Process
- elbow, shoulder, stifle, tarsus (other posible)
Signalment - osteochondrosis
all animals are fast growing, all are young
Examples - osteochondrosis in horses - 2
- OCD
- SBC
- stifle, tarsus, MCP, PIP, DIP
- shoulder, elbow, carus
Example - osteochondrosis in pigs
OCD especially hip
Example - osteochondrosis in broiler chickens
OCD stifle
Possible tx - juvenile developmental joint complaints
- depends on presentation
- symptomatic
- conservative
- surgical (open or arthroscopy): encourage removal, encourage repair
Prognosis - juvenile developmental joint complaints
- variable
- related to formation of OA
- shoulder forms little OA (good prognosis)
Differentiate OA in animals from humans
- humans = disease of ageing/degeneration
- animals = usually secondary to primary predisposing disease, worsened or exacerbated with exercise, can be ageing too but usually secondary.
Elbow OA - tx
- symptomatic
- conservative
- sx (open or arthroscopy): fragment removal, encourage repair
- novel tx that change anatomy
- prognosis depends of degree of OA formation (may need salvage procedure)
Why does osteochondrosis –> OA?
- irritation
- direct cartilage damage
- incongruency, mechanical incompetence
- cycle of reaction
- often temporarily stabilises in young adult
List broad categories of primary joint disease
- DEVELOPMENTAL: HD, osteochondrosis
- DEGENERATION (of a specific structure): canine cruciate disease
- INFECTION (septic arthritis)
- TRAUMA: acute or chronic (performance animals)
- IMMUNE-MEDIATED
List some primary joint diseases of dogs
- OCD
- FCP (elbow)
- UAP
- elbow, shoulder, stifle, tarsus (others possible)
List some primary joint diseases of horses
- OCD and SBC
- stifle, tarsus, MCP, PIP, DCP (shoulder, elbow, carpus)
Describe osteochondrosis presentation
- young, fast growing, large, pure bred
- joint effusion (inconsistent)
- often bilateral
- lameness (variable, on and off not uncommon, related to pain and loss of ROM)
- subclinical disease is possible
Prevention - ED
- large genetic component
- large subclinical population (silent carriers)
- use screening system to remove carrier animals
- similar system for hip dysplasia
Animals affected by HD and ED
- numerous large (and small) dog breeds
- seen in some cats
- Norwegian Dole ponies
When do HD CS tend to start?
in affected breeds from 5 months onwards
Typical HD presentation
- puppies of affected breeds from 5mo +
- lameness or gait abnormality, related to pain or mechanical inefficiency
- inability to manage some types of exercise (stairs, car)
- bilateral signs
- instability of the coxofemoral joints and pain on manipulation
What is canine elbow dysplasia (ED)?
- osteochondrosis is the primary disease in this SYNDROME
- ED includes:
- OCD
- FCP/ FCMP
- UAP
- secondary OA
= a combination of all/some of these is ED
