Producing New Cells Flashcards
What is a chromosome compliment?
How many chromosomes does a normal body cell have?
A characteristic number of chromosomes, in the cell.
Eg. A normal body cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
What does diploid mean?
Diploid is a cell with two matching sets of chromosomes.
What does the term growth mean?
The irreversible increase in the dry mass of an organism
What happens in the division of the nucleus in an animal cell?
The nucleus divides to produce two daughter nuclei. This is called mitosis
What happens in the division of the cytoplasm in an animal cell?
The cytoplasm becomes pinched off between the two nuclei, forming two daughter cells, called cytokinesis.
What happens in the division of a plant cell?
1.
2.
- The division of the nucleus is followed by…
- A new cell wall is laid down between the daughter cells to bring about cytokinesis.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the process by which the nucleus divides into two daughter nuclei. The daughter cell receives exactly the same number of chromosomes.
Stage 1 of Mitosis (Interphase):
Nucleas containing long uncoiled chromosomes each doubling to for two identical chromatids.
Stage 2 of Mitosis (Prophase):
Short coiled up chromosome (made from two chromatids)
Stage 3 of Mitosis (Metaphase):
Chromatids attached at the equator coming from spindle fibres on boht sides.
Stage 4 of Mitosis (Anaphase):
Pair of identical chromatids seperated and moving to opposite ‘poles’. (N pole and S pole)
Stage 5 of Mitosis (Telophase):
The nuclear membrane forms, and the cytoplasm divides. The separated chromatids now called chromosomes.
Stage 6 following Mitosis (Cytokinesis):
Two identical daughter cells containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
