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Rad Procedures and Anatomy > Procedures LSpine and General Spine Anatomy > Flashcards

Procedures LSpine and General Spine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

4 Purposes of the Spine

A

Provides support for trunk and skull
Encloses and protects the spinal cord
Provides attachment for ribs posteriorly
Transmits wt of trunk and upper body to lower extremities and is supported by hip bones

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2
Q

What is difference between spinal canal and cord

A

Canal-contains spinal cord and is filled with CSF begins at base of skull and extends into sacrum
Cord- enclosed/protected by spinal cord begins with medulla oblongata and tapers off at 1st lumbar vertebra.

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3
Q

Early life vertebra

A

Average of 33 with sacrum and coccyx not fused

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4
Q

Adult life vertebra

A

26 vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx are fused

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5
Q

What are the 5 divisions of the spine

A 
Cervical-7
Thoracic-12
Lumbar-5
Sacrum-1 in adults 5 in children
coccyx- 1 in adults 3-5 in children
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6
Q

Cervical/lumbar curvature shape and type

A

concave posterior

lordotic curves

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7
Q

Throacic/sacral curvature shape and type

A

convex posterior

kyphotic curves

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8
Q

Primary Curves & example

3

A

Present at birth
thoracic and sacral curves are primary
convex posterior

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9
Q

Compensatory/secondary curves & example

4

A

Develop after birth
cervical and lumbar curves
are concave posterior
cervical is least pronounced curvature

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10
Q

When does a child begin to develop cervical curvature

A

when they begin to hold head up and try to sit up

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11
Q

When does a child begin to develop lumbar curvature

A

When they begin to walk

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12
Q

Lumbar curvature is more pronounced in

A

Females

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13
Q

Lordosis

A

an abnormal lumbar curvature with increased concavity

Lay term-sway back

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14
Q

Kyphosis

A

An abnormal thoracic curvature with increased convexity

Lay term-hump back

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15
Q

Scoliosis

A

an abnormal, lateral curvature of the spine

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16
Q

Typical vertebra consist of what 2 parts

A

body

vertebral arch

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17
Q

What makes up vertebral arch

A

Pedicles

laminae

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18
Q

What makes up foramen

A

the body and vertebral arch - stacked

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19
Q

What latin word means little foot

A

Pedicle

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20
Q

Where can spinous processes be palpated

A

neck and back

21
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of articular processes

A

facets

22
Q

Where is superior vertebral notch located

A

along the upper surface of each pedicle

23
Q

Where is the inferior vertebral notch located

A

along the lower surface of each pedicle

24
Q

What are intervertebral foramina formed by

A

superior and inferior verebral notches on each side

allow passage of nerves and blood vessels

25
Q

What vertebra do not have intervertebral discs?

A

c1-2

26
Q

2 parts of intervertebral disk

A

Annulus fibrosis

Nucleus pulposus

27
Q

Apophyseal/zygapophyseal joints
Class
MT
Formed by

A

Diarthroidal
Gliding
Superior and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebrae

28
Q

Intervertebral joints
Class
MT
Formed by

A

Amphiarthroidal
none
in between bodies of vertebrae

29
Q

When are lumbar intervertebral foramina demoed

A

TRUE lateral projection

30
Q

What lumbar vertebra is slightly not 90 angle

A

L5, it’s slightly anterior

31
Q

What are 2 purposes of lumbar intervertebral foramina

A

passage of nerves and blood vessels

32
Q

When are zygapophyseal joints demoed

A

oblique projections

33
Q

How are zygapophyseal joints formed

A

superior and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebra

34
Q

Scotty dog Nose

A

Transverse Process

34
Q

What angle do lumbar zygapophyseal joints form to MSP

A

30-lower

50-upper

35
Q

Scotty Dog

Eye

A

Pedicle

36
Q

Scotty Dog

Ear

A

Superior Articular Process

37
Q

Scotty Dog

Neck

A

Pars Interarticularis

38
Q

Scotty Dog

Front Paw

A

Inferior Articular Process

39
Q

Scotty Dog

Body

A

Lamina

40
Q

Scotty Dog

Tail

A

Opposite side superior Articular process

41
Q

Scotty Dog

Hind Paw

A

Opposite Inferior Articular Process

42
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Breakdown of pars Interarticularis

Will be demoed as a defect in neck of Scotty

43
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Forward slippage of 1 vertebra or another

44
Q

Spina bifida

A

Failure of 2 lamina to unite causing an opening where the spinous process is usually found

45
Q

Herniated nucleus pulposus

A

Nucleus pulposus protrudes and presses on spinal cord & or spinal nerves
Usually results from injury

46
Q

Laminectomy

A

Not a patho
Surgical removal of lamina
Laminae are weakest part of vertebrae
Easy fix for HNP

47
Q

Compression Fracture

A

Superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral body driven together producing a wedge shaped vertebra
Causes osteoporosis, mets,trauma
Force needed to cause this injury may be minor

Rad Procedures and Anatomy (24 decks)

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