Procedures LSpine and General Spine Anatomy Flashcards
4 Purposes of the Spine
Provides support for trunk and skull
Encloses and protects the spinal cord
Provides attachment for ribs posteriorly
Transmits wt of trunk and upper body to lower extremities and is supported by hip bones
What is difference between spinal canal and cord
Canal-contains spinal cord and is filled with CSF begins at base of skull and extends into sacrum
Cord- enclosed/protected by spinal cord begins with medulla oblongata and tapers off at 1st lumbar vertebra.
Early life vertebra
Average of 33 with sacrum and coccyx not fused
Adult life vertebra
26 vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx are fused
What are the 5 divisions of the spine
Cervical-7 Thoracic-12 Lumbar-5 Sacrum-1 in adults 5 in children coccyx- 1 in adults 3-5 in children
Cervical/lumbar curvature shape and type
concave posterior
lordotic curves
Throacic/sacral curvature shape and type
convex posterior
kyphotic curves
Primary Curves & example
3
Present at birth
thoracic and sacral curves are primary
convex posterior
Compensatory/secondary curves & example
4
Develop after birth
cervical and lumbar curves
are concave posterior
cervical is least pronounced curvature
When does a child begin to develop cervical curvature
when they begin to hold head up and try to sit up
When does a child begin to develop lumbar curvature
When they begin to walk
Lumbar curvature is more pronounced in
Females
Lordosis
an abnormal lumbar curvature with increased concavity
Lay term-sway back
Kyphosis
An abnormal thoracic curvature with increased convexity
Lay term-hump back
Scoliosis
an abnormal, lateral curvature of the spine
Typical vertebra consist of what 2 parts
body
vertebral arch
What makes up vertebral arch
Pedicles
laminae
What makes up foramen
the body and vertebral arch - stacked
What latin word means little foot
Pedicle
Where can spinous processes be palpated
neck and back
What are the articulating surfaces of articular processes
facets
Where is superior vertebral notch located
along the upper surface of each pedicle
Where is the inferior vertebral notch located
along the lower surface of each pedicle
What are intervertebral foramina formed by
superior and inferior verebral notches on each side
allow passage of nerves and blood vessels
What vertebra do not have intervertebral discs?
c1-2
2 parts of intervertebral disk
Annulus fibrosis
Nucleus pulposus
Apophyseal/zygapophyseal joints
Class
MT
Formed by
Diarthroidal
Gliding
Superior and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebrae
Intervertebral joints
Class
MT
Formed by
Amphiarthroidal
none
in between bodies of vertebrae
When are lumbar intervertebral foramina demoed
TRUE lateral projection
What lumbar vertebra is slightly not 90 angle
L5, it’s slightly anterior
What are 2 purposes of lumbar intervertebral foramina
passage of nerves and blood vessels
When are zygapophyseal joints demoed
oblique projections
How are zygapophyseal joints formed
superior and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebra
Scotty dog Nose
Transverse Process
What angle do lumbar zygapophyseal joints form to MSP
30-lower
50-upper
Scotty Dog
Eye
Pedicle
Scotty Dog
Ear
Superior Articular Process
Scotty Dog
Neck
Pars Interarticularis
Scotty Dog
Front Paw
Inferior Articular Process
Scotty Dog
Body
Lamina
Scotty Dog
Tail
Opposite side superior Articular process
Scotty Dog
Hind Paw
Opposite Inferior Articular Process
Spondylolysis
Breakdown of pars Interarticularis
Will be demoed as a defect in neck of Scotty
Spondylolisthesis
Forward slippage of 1 vertebra or another
Spina bifida
Failure of 2 lamina to unite causing an opening where the spinous process is usually found
Herniated nucleus pulposus
Nucleus pulposus protrudes and presses on spinal cord & or spinal nerves
Usually results from injury
Laminectomy
Not a patho
Surgical removal of lamina
Laminae are weakest part of vertebrae
Easy fix for HNP
Compression Fracture
Superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral body driven together producing a wedge shaped vertebra
Causes osteoporosis, mets,trauma
Force needed to cause this injury may be minor
