Procedures LSpine and General Spine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

4 Purposes of the Spine

A

Provides support for trunk and skull
Encloses and protects the spinal cord
Provides attachment for ribs posteriorly
Transmits wt of trunk and upper body to lower extremities and is supported by hip bones

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2
Q

What is difference between spinal canal and cord

A

Canal-contains spinal cord and is filled with CSF begins at base of skull and extends into sacrum
Cord- enclosed/protected by spinal cord begins with medulla oblongata and tapers off at 1st lumbar vertebra.

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3
Q

Early life vertebra

A

Average of 33 with sacrum and coccyx not fused

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4
Q

Adult life vertebra

A

26 vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx are fused

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5
Q

What are the 5 divisions of the spine

A
Cervical-7
Thoracic-12
Lumbar-5
Sacrum-1 in adults 5 in children
coccyx- 1 in adults 3-5 in children
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6
Q

Cervical/lumbar curvature shape and type

A

concave posterior

lordotic curves

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7
Q

Throacic/sacral curvature shape and type

A

convex posterior

kyphotic curves

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8
Q

Primary Curves & example

3

A

Present at birth
thoracic and sacral curves are primary
convex posterior

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9
Q

Compensatory/secondary curves & example

4

A

Develop after birth
cervical and lumbar curves
are concave posterior
cervical is least pronounced curvature

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10
Q

When does a child begin to develop cervical curvature

A

when they begin to hold head up and try to sit up

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11
Q

When does a child begin to develop lumbar curvature

A

When they begin to walk

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12
Q

Lumbar curvature is more pronounced in

A

Females

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13
Q

Lordosis

A

an abnormal lumbar curvature with increased concavity

Lay term-sway back

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14
Q

Kyphosis

A

An abnormal thoracic curvature with increased convexity

Lay term-hump back

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15
Q

Scoliosis

A

an abnormal, lateral curvature of the spine

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16
Q

Typical vertebra consist of what 2 parts

A

body

vertebral arch

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17
Q

What makes up vertebral arch

A

Pedicles

laminae

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18
Q

What makes up foramen

A

the body and vertebral arch - stacked

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19
Q

What latin word means little foot

A

Pedicle

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20
Q

Where can spinous processes be palpated

A

neck and back

21
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of articular processes

22
Q

Where is superior vertebral notch located

A

along the upper surface of each pedicle

23
Q

Where is the inferior vertebral notch located

A

along the lower surface of each pedicle

24
Q

What are intervertebral foramina formed by

A

superior and inferior verebral notches on each side

allow passage of nerves and blood vessels

25
What vertebra do not have intervertebral discs?
c1-2
26
2 parts of intervertebral disk
Annulus fibrosis | Nucleus pulposus
27
Apophyseal/zygapophyseal joints Class MT Formed by
Diarthroidal Gliding Superior and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebrae
28
Intervertebral joints Class MT Formed by
Amphiarthroidal none in between bodies of vertebrae
29
When are lumbar intervertebral foramina demoed
TRUE lateral projection
30
What lumbar vertebra is slightly not 90 angle
L5, it's slightly anterior
31
What are 2 purposes of lumbar intervertebral foramina
passage of nerves and blood vessels
32
When are zygapophyseal joints demoed
oblique projections
33
How are zygapophyseal joints formed
superior and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebra
34
Scotty dog Nose
Transverse Process
34
What angle do lumbar zygapophyseal joints form to MSP
30-lower | 50-upper
35
Scotty Dog | Eye
Pedicle
36
Scotty Dog | Ear
Superior Articular Process
37
Scotty Dog | Neck
Pars Interarticularis
38
Scotty Dog | Front Paw
Inferior Articular Process
39
Scotty Dog | Body
Lamina
40
Scotty Dog | Tail
Opposite side superior Articular process
41
Scotty Dog | Hind Paw
Opposite Inferior Articular Process
42
Spondylolysis
Breakdown of pars Interarticularis | Will be demoed as a defect in neck of Scotty
43
Spondylolisthesis
Forward slippage of 1 vertebra or another
44
Spina bifida
Failure of 2 lamina to unite causing an opening where the spinous process is usually found
45
Herniated nucleus pulposus
Nucleus pulposus protrudes and presses on spinal cord & or spinal nerves Usually results from injury
46
Laminectomy
Not a patho Surgical removal of lamina Laminae are weakest part of vertebrae Easy fix for HNP
47
Compression Fracture
Superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral body driven together producing a wedge shaped vertebra Causes osteoporosis, mets,trauma Force needed to cause this injury may be minor