Problem Solving/Intelligence

Question 1

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 1

ideas and general info –> specific conclusions

Question 2

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 2

specific fact –> general idea

Question 3

What is the process of generating hypotehses

Answer 3

theories to facts
deductive reasoning

Question 4

What is the process of interpreting data

Answer 4

facts to theories
inductive reasoning

Question 5

Functional fixedness

Answer 5

difficulty seeing alternative uses for common objects

Question 6

reliability

Answer 6

repeated testing = consistent results

Question 7

validity

Answer 7

extent to which a test is actually measuring what the researcher says it’s measuring

Question 8

IQ test

Answer 8

standardized
mean score based on large sample is assigned = 100 IQ
specific IQ relative to the performance of the rest of the population

Question 9

what are the types of intelligence

Answer 9

verbal
math
musical
spatial
kinaesthetic
interpersonal
intrapersonal
naturalistic

Question 10

What is gardner’s idea of the types of intelligence

Answer 10

all types are independent of each other

but findings show that those who do well in one aspect typically do well in others

Question 11

What are the factors influencing intelligence

Answer 11

environment
- IQ less correlation from twins who were seperated
genes
- IQ of twins correlate ~0.8 (strong) // fraternal twins = less

Question 12

The Flynn effect

Answer 12

IQ scores have been on the rise since initially starting testing
standardized mean score has always been 100
mean score of 100 is on the rise
- schooling
- access to information
- nutrition
- access to tech

Question 13

Schema

Answer 13

mental framework for interpreting the world around us

Question 14

Assimilation

Answer 14

incorporating new info into existing schemas

Question 15

Accomodation

Answer 15

modifying existing schemas to fit incompatible infomration

Question 16

Sequential stages of cognitive development in children

Answer 16

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

Question 17

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 17

0-2
no object permanence

Question 18

Preoperational stage

Answer 18

2-7
egocentrism: seeing from only their own perspectives
seriation: logically order a series of objects
reversible relationship: sister has brother but brother has no sister
conservation: pouring liquids

Question 19

Concrete operational

Answer 19

7-12
abstract thinking and reasoning

Question 20

formal operational

Answer 20

12+
can understand everything

Question 21

Confirmation bias

Answer 21

tendency to seek out info that supports our hypothesis

Question 22

Disconfirming bias

Answer 22

looking for evidence that you’re wrong

Question 23

Heuristic

Answer 23

mental shortcut used to solve problems quickly and correctly

Question 24

Availability heuristic

Answer 24

tendency to make decisions based on the information most quickly available to us
rapid decisions
frequency the event occurs
how easily examples come to mind
many things influence how readily available the information is to us

Question 25

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 25

tendency to assume that what we’re seeing is representativeness of the larger category we have in our mind
probability that the event belongs to a larger category
resemblance between event and other events in the category
not all category # are the same

Question 26

Monozygotic and dizygotic

Answer 26

mono=share 100% genes
di=share 50% genes

Question 27

Anchoring

Answer 27

bias to be affected by an initial anchor, even if the anchor is arbitrary

Question 28

Bounded Rationality

Answer 28

congitive limitations prevent humans from being fully rational