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Psych > Forming Impressions > Flashcards

Forming Impressions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are covariation theories

A

predicts how you determine if a given behaviour is an individuals personal disposition or situation/circumstance

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2
Q

What are the covatriation theories

A

consensus
distinctiveness
consistency

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3
Q

What is consensus

A

how others behave in the situation
(diff people, same situation)

high situational
low dispositional

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4
Q

What is distinctiveness

A

how a person behaves in other situations
(same person, different situation)

high situational
low dispositional
low dispositional = person acts the same way across a variety of situations

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5
Q

What is consistency

A

How a person behaves in the same situations
(same person, same situations)

high situational or dispositional
low = wider situations (consider other factors)

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6
Q

When is it situational attribution

A

high consensus
high distinctiveness
high consistency

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7
Q

When is it dispositional attribution

A

low consensus
low distinctiveness
high consistency

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8
Q

What is wider situational attribution

A

low or high consensus
low or high distinctiveness
low consistency

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9
Q

What is the correspondent inference theory

A

internal factors influencing a person’s behaviour

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10
Q

What are the correspondent inference theories

A

Degree of choice
expectation
intended consequence

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11
Q

What is degree of choice

A

Amount of freedom the actor had in choosing their option/behaviour

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12
Q

What is expectation

A

the degree to which an individual’s behaviour in a particular societal role matches our expectation for that role

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13
Q

What is intended consequence

A

goals and motivations of an actor underlying their behaviour

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14
Q

What is fundamental attribution error

A

tendency to over-value dispositional factors for the observed behaviours while under-valuing situational facotrs

what people do = what they are

assume behaviour of others is primarily due to dispositional values

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15
Q

What is the actor/observer effect

A

consider the situational factors so your own behaviour
but the dispositional factors of others behaviour

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16
Q

What is the difference between individualist societies and collectivist societies

A

individualist (American): increased probability of making FAE

collectivist societies (Chinese/Indian): decreased probability of making FAE

17
Q

What is the self-serving bias

A

success - from dispositional factors
failure - situational factors

18
Q

What is the above average effect

A

believing you are better than others

19
Q

What are cognitive heuristics

A

used to make quick decisions automatically from environmental informational

20
Q

What are the types of cognitive heuristics

A

respresentativeness: stereotype
availability: how readily available a memory is to us

21
Q

which situation would you recieve lower ratings

A

when asked to list 2 improvements
- easily availbale to find flaws = think it was worse (lower ratings)

22
Q

which situation would you recieve higher ratings

A

when asked to list 10 improvements
- less available flaws = think it was better cause can’t think of flaws (higher ratings)

23
Q

What are the factors influencing attraction

A

proximity
familiarity
physical attractiveness
other’s opinions of us

24
Q

What is proximity

A

functional distance + physical distance

low FD and PD
- close together, interact often = best

25
Q

What is familiarity

A

we like those we anticipate interacting with
we rate faces as being more attractive the more familiar they are to us

mere exposure effect

26
Q

What is the mere exposure effect

A

the tendency to perceive previous stimuli as more favourable
- increased frequency –> more positive

27
Q

What is physical attractiveness

A

attributed to being more kind, warm, sensitive, intellignet

we like those who like us back (especially when we have low self-esteem)

halo effect

28
Q

What is the halo effect

A

tendency to attribute more positive chracteristics to individuals that make a positive impression

29
Q

What are other’s opinions of us

A

previous impressions of likability influence novel impressions of likability

  • when opposite the initial impression, the new impression is strongly influential
  • we are largely influenced by the feelings of gains and losses
    (we believe our great qualities convinced the other person to like us –> we like the other person more)

Psych (11 decks)

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