Forming Impressions Flashcards
What are covariation theories
predicts how you determine if a given behaviour is an individuals personal disposition or situation/circumstance
What are the covatriation theories
consensus
distinctiveness
consistency
What is consensus
how others behave in the situation
(diff people, same situation)
high situational
low dispositional
What is distinctiveness
how a person behaves in other situations
(same person, different situation)
high situational
low dispositional
low dispositional = person acts the same way across a variety of situations
What is consistency
How a person behaves in the same situations
(same person, same situations)
high situational or dispositional
low = wider situations (consider other factors)
When is it situational attribution
high consensus
high distinctiveness
high consistency
When is it dispositional attribution
low consensus
low distinctiveness
high consistency
What is wider situational attribution
low or high consensus
low or high distinctiveness
low consistency
What is the correspondent inference theory
internal factors influencing a person’s behaviour
What are the correspondent inference theories
Degree of choice
expectation
intended consequence
What is degree of choice
Amount of freedom the actor had in choosing their option/behaviour
What is expectation
the degree to which an individual’s behaviour in a particular societal role matches our expectation for that role
What is intended consequence
goals and motivations of an actor underlying their behaviour
What is fundamental attribution error
tendency to over-value dispositional factors for the observed behaviours while under-valuing situational facotrs
what people do = what they are
assume behaviour of others is primarily due to dispositional values
What is the actor/observer effect
consider the situational factors so your own behaviour
but the dispositional factors of others behaviour
What is the difference between individualist societies and collectivist societies
individualist (American): increased probability of making FAE
collectivist societies (Chinese/Indian): decreased probability of making FAE
What is the self-serving bias
success - from dispositional factors
failure - situational factors
What is the above average effect
believing you are better than others
What are cognitive heuristics
used to make quick decisions automatically from environmental informational
What are the types of cognitive heuristics
respresentativeness: stereotype
availability: how readily available a memory is to us
which situation would you recieve lower ratings
when asked to list 2 improvements
- easily availbale to find flaws = think it was worse (lower ratings)
which situation would you recieve higher ratings
when asked to list 10 improvements
- less available flaws = think it was better cause can’t think of flaws (higher ratings)
What are the factors influencing attraction
proximity
familiarity
physical attractiveness
other’s opinions of us
What is proximity
functional distance + physical distance
low FD and PD
- close together, interact often = best
