Problem 9

Question 1

Collective intelligence

Answer 1

Refers to the demonstration of the systems behavior on the macro-level that emerges from interactions at the micro level

–> concerned with the decision making and action of complex adaptive social system

Question 2

How does a collective intelligent team help organizations work more efficiently ?

Answer 2

By being able to prevent the repetition of past mistakes

–> this way the show a quicker knowledge exchange and make faster decisions

Question 3

What was proposed to be implemented into organizations in order to be able to study collective intelligence in healthcare teams ?

Answer 3

A interrelated framework

–> this helped in identifying the strengths + areas in which teams could potentially improve

Question 4

Why is collective intelligence so important when it comes to bigger organizations ?

Answer 4

1. Groups can deliver more accurate factual estimates + creative solutions
2. Collectives have access to greater problem-solving resources
3. Enhanced group judgments

Question 5

Swarm intelligence

Answer 5

Refers to a decentralized, self-organized group which can work in a coordinated manner

–> a mathematical model was developed to describe this behavior to apply them to business issues

Question 6

Crowdsourcing

Answer 6

Refers to the practice of obtaining information by enlisting the services of a larger number pf people via the internet

e.g. marketplaces connecting requesters with thousands of potential workers

Question 7

What are the problems associated with crowdsourcing ?

Answer 7

1. Can produce problematic solutions
2. May not be egalitarian
3. May produce unbalanced views

Question 8

What is the most popular or most used forum for decision making ?

What are the biggest problems concerning this kind of decision making ?

Answer 8

1. Small, collaborative groups
2. a) Social status
   b) biases
   c) differences in personality
   d) thinking styles

–> can influence a group to act intelligently

Question 9

Name the 3 characteristics due to which social insects have been so successful with their swarm intelligence ?

Answer 9

1. Flexibility
   - -> adapting to chaining environments
2. Robustness
   - -> even if one individual fails the whole group can still perform
3. Self-organization
   - -> no control or local supervision

BUT: 3rd point is still hard to implement into businesses

Question 10

How do ants self-organize when trying to find the shortest path to a food source ?

Answer 10

Foraging solution

By following chemical trails, seen as the more ants use a particular path the more of the chemical substance is transmitted and thus the more ants will follow it

–> this method was applied to telecommunication networks so phone calls went through faster

Question 11

Simple rules rule

Answer 11

Refers to the most powerful insight from swarm intelligence, suggesting that complex collective intelligence can emerge from individuals following simple rules

e.g. implementing rules that work to empower the staff to work more independently and reinforcing those rules with tokens

Question 12

Name the 3 most striking problems associated with the simple rules rule.

Answer 12

1. Unpredictable + counterintuitive behavior can arise as a result
2. A seemingly minor change in the rule can radically alter group behavior

3.

Question 13

Swarm intelligente may also hold important lessons for business seeking to find + exploit new markets.

Explain this.

Answer 13

1. Mass recruitment
   - -> in large colonies these chemicals attract a ton of ants
2. Tandem recruitment
   - -> vibrate antenna to convince an individual in a small sized colonies
3. Group recruitment
   - -> vibrate antenna to convince a few others in a medium sized colony

Question 14

What are difficulties concerning swarm intelligence ?

Answer 14

1. People have problems understanding how it works
2. Group behavior might be frightening
3. Insects and people should not be described with the same mathematical frameworks.