Problem 7 Flashcards
Computational modeling of emotion
Refers to attempts to develop + validate computational models of human emotion mechanisms
–> interdisciplinary between psychology + computer science
Robot
Refers to a programmable machine that must be able to perform given tasks w/o human interference
–> senses the current state of its environment
Social robot
Refers to an autonomous/semi-autonomous robot that interacts + communicates w/ humans by following the behavioral norms expected by the people with whom the robot intends to interact
–> therefore has to correctly interpret peoples emotions/actions, then respond appropriately
Modules
Make up a social robot
–> usually designed in complex numbers of interconnected modules including
a) electronics
b) sensing
c) perception
d) affective science
d) planning
Name the 2 most necessary characteristics of social robotics.
Why are they the most needed ?
- Emotion exchanges + interaction
- These capacities further improve its ability to engage in meaningful interactions with humans
–> key component is facial + emotional recognition, thus empathy
Paro
Is a famous companion robot that is designed to look + behave like a baby seal
–> he has the same effects like real animal therapy
Traditionally, autonomous robots were assigned dangerous/monotonous tasks and were used independently from humans.
Why is there now a shift and and increasing human robot interaction ?
Due to improvements in sensors + processing abilities, they are able to interact with humans via
a) conversation
b) eye contact
c) facial expressions
THUS: there is interest to use them in therapy as autistic children show rare behaviors like joint attention/eye contact in interactions with robots
When is human-robot interaction best ?
- Robot has a focal area
- -> face - Robot portrays nonverbal conversational cues well
Why is emotion so important in humans ?
- Plays a critical role in decision making
2. Serves to inform + influence others
In a study, an actor was instructed to respond to a stimuli.
This stimuli was a dove flying inside through a window.
What did the researchers find out, concerning emotions, as a result ?
Emotion has a function in
- interrupting + reprioritizing cognition
- interruption current attention to shift awards new situations to deal with threat
–> requires reassessing the situation + replan
Emotions can differ on several aspects.
Name them
- Which components are trades as intrinsic
- Relationships between components
- Representational distinctions
Discrete theory
Suggests that there is a limited number of core emotions
–> biologically determined innate natural kinds
Dimensional theory
Suggests that emotion should be conceptualized as a point in continuous space
Appraisal theory
Suggests that emotions arise from a process of comparing individual needs to external demands
–> most dominant framework, but controversial
According to the appraisal theories emotions cannot be explained by merely focusing on the environment or on the individual.
Why is that ?
Because they reflect a person-environment relationship
–> characterized in terms of a set of criteria
Appraisal-derivation process
Interprets a representation of the person environment relationship to derive a set of appraisal variables
Emotion-derivation model
Takes the set of appraisals, then produces an emotional response
Set of behavioral consequence processes
Coping strategies
Triggered by emotion, then manipulates the person-environment
Emotion + Adaption model
EMA
Assumes that appraisal is fast, parallel + automatic
Maintains an explicit representation
Causal interpretation
Encodes the
a) input
b) intermediate results
c) output of inferential processes
that mediate between an agents goals
Causal interpretation
Encodes the
a) input
b) intermediate results
c) output of inferential processes
that mediate between an agents goals
Emotion derivation
Occurs in EMA once appraisal informs an agents coping response
–> biased by an overall mood state
Coping
Determines how the agent responds to the appraised significance of events
Name the limitations to EMA.
- Focueses on deriving appraisal values + treats emotion categories largely as epiphenomenon
- Complex emotions are not modeled
- -> causal interp. has limited capacity - Inference processes need to impose better constraints on coping strategies
Cyberpsychology
Refers to an emerging discipline that focuses on the study of human machine interaction
–> studies the psychological effects of computers + devices on people
Self - awareness
Refers to awareness directed toward the self
Objective self awareness
Refers to a psychological state in which one becomes the object of ones own attention
–> through this we identify + process info about the self
Computer-mediated communication
Refers to any act of communication that takes place through the use of 2 or more electronic devices
Contact hypothesis
Asserts that acquaintance + positive associations through intergroup contact can reduce prejudice and negative affect
Intergorup contact
Refers primarily to face-to-face encounters
BUT: has now been expanded to include CMC
Text-based CMC
Refers to communication via text messages that provide fixed and static records
Video-based CMC
Refers to interaction through video talk, which contains
ample non-verbal cues such as
a) eye contact
b) head nods
c) facial expressions
as well as additional video + audio info
–> had greater influence on improving the participants attitudes towards a targeted outgroup
