Problem 6 - personality and life outcome

Question 1

Mean-level change

Answer 1

-increase/decrease in traits at the population level

-

Question 2

findings mean level change

Answer 2

• most change between ages of 20-40
• change in positive direction
• > more confident, warm, responsible, socially mature

Question 3

Are spouses similar in personality?

Answer 3

• only slightly similar
• r= 0.00-0.25
• > refers to personality trait not mental ability, religion etc

Question 4

Marital satisfaction

Answer 4

• agreeable, stable person
• > more satisfied
• > develop better marriages
• big 5 Openness -> correlated positively to satisfaction
• neither similarity nor dissimilarity between spouses was associated with higher satisfaction

Question 5

anxious attachment

Answer 5

-worry about loss of partners love

Question 6

avoidant attachment

Answer 6

-uncomfortable being emotionally close to ones partner

Question 7

Attachment styles and Personality

Answer 7

• anxious -> low emotional stability , low conscientiousness
• avoidant -> weakly related to low extraversion and low conscientiousness

Question 8

Parenting style

Answer 8

• higher openness to experience and extraversion

- > more nurturing, less restrictive

Question 9

Are friends similar in personality?

Answer 9

• Honesty-Humility and Openness to experience
• > friends on average somewhat similar
• friends perceive more similarity on these traits as there actually is
• friends often share same values
• honesty-humility and openness -> related to peoples values

Question 10

Personality and peer relationships

Answer 10

• sociability -> associated with being liked
• aggression -> being disliked
• extraversion-> positively related to social status
• only among men: emotional stability, physical attractiveness -> related to social status

Question 11

substance use

Answer 11

• low Conscientiousness, low Emotional Stability -> substance use disorder
• high levels of self control -> contribute to quit smoking

Question 12

Longevity

Answer 12

• childhood personality was related to Longevity
• conscientiousness, social dependability -> longer life span
• > maybe due to lower likelihood smoking

-cheerfulness, optimism -> shorter longevity

Question 13

Heart disease

Answer 13

Type A : competitiveness, impatience, excessive job involvement, hostility, time urgency

• > increased probability of heart disease
• high hostility+dominance -> greater physiological reactions to stress -> increased risk of heart disease

Question 14

academic performance

Answer 14

-conscientiousness -> strongest predictor

Question 15

criminality

Answer 15

• low self control , acting impulsively
• criminals are NOT more motivated -> worse at inhibiting impulses
• willingness to take risks -> influence on criminal behavior

Question 16

Dark Triad

Answer 16

Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, Narcissim

-> all strongly negatively correlated with Honest-Humility

Question 17

Psychopathy

Answer 17

• low conscientiousness

- low emotionality

Question 18

Machiavellianism

Answer 18

• cynic tendency to pursue one’s interests by manipulating others
• low Agreeableness

Question 19

Narcissim

Answer 19

-high Extraversion

Question 20

primary psychopathy

Answer 20

= calculating and rational, manipulation, deceit, grandiosity, callousness, selfishness

• > self control enough not to do crime
• low honesty humility

Question 21

secondary psychopathy

Answer 21

Secondary psychopath = poor self-control, impulsivity, irresponsibility, lack of planning

-low honesty - humility

Question 22

life satisfaction

Answer 22

• heritability is almost 0.40

- depressiveness negative correlated

Question 23

socialization effect

Answer 23

-life events predict personality

Question 24

selection effect

Answer 24

-personality effects life events