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PAID > Problem 1 > Flashcards

Problem 1 Flashcards

1
Q

advantages self-reports

A
  • higher motivation to talk about oneself
  • inexpensive, quick
  • identification with the question
  • easy to interpret
  • large number of participants in short time
  • direct insight unto unique personal information
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2
Q

disadvantages self-reports

A

-structure of questions affects outcome
-response biases
-people try to present themselves in a more favorable light
-acquiescent responding: agreeing with responses without considering the question
-extreme responding
-false picture of oneself
-

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3
Q

informant reports advantages

A
  • more objective
  • compare informant judgements with self-report
  • compare ratings of different observers
  • informants often observed individual in many different situations
  • easy if used online
  • no socially desirable response bias
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4
Q

informant reports disadvantages

A
  • expensive, time and money
  • difficult, uncooperative informants
  • response biases can occur
  • fundamental attribution error
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5
Q

Behavioral measures advantages

A
  • situation specific traits can be assessed
  • fewer response biases than with questionnaires
  • 2 potential settings: lab or field
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6
Q

Behavioral measures disadvantages

A
  • unpractical
  • ethical issues
  • developing and assessing code schemas
  • great deal of effort
  • in laboratory -> too artificial
  • demand characteristics
  • link between specific behavior and specific characteristic may not be direct
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7
Q

EAR - Electronically Activated Recorder

A
  • recorder that tracks ambient sounds in people’s environment by recording 30s snippets every 12.5 min over a period of 4 days
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8
Q

EAR advantages

A
  • not influenced by participants perceptions .
  • attends to social phenomena that participants are typically not aware of when filling in a questionnaire
  • language use can reveal psy. info about the speaker
  • naturalistic settings
  • determine degree of stability in people’a everyday social environment
  • EAR not particularly distracting not significant impact on participants social behaviors
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9
Q

EAR disadvantages

A
  • ethical and legal questions
  • secondary participants: are recorded without being directly involved in the study
  • data collection and preparation is time consuming and labor intensive
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10
Q

Biodata ( life outcome data)

A
  • records of a person’s life which seem likely to be relevant to an individual’s personality
  • example: cell phone bill, GPA, speeding tickets
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11
Q

Biodata advantage

A

-objective indicator

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12
Q

Biodata disadvantages

A
  • particular outcome might be influenced by other traits or variety of circumstances that are unrelated to one’s personality
  • ethical concerns
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13
Q

cue validity

A
  • how well the cues represent underlying construct

example: organizing desk -> does it present real conscientiousness?

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14
Q

cue utilization

A

?

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15
Q

mechanisms linking individuals to environments (4)

A

1) self directed identity claims
2) other-directed identity claims
3) interior behavioral residue
4) exterior behavioral residue

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16
Q

self-directed identity claims

A
  • symbolic statements made by the occupants for their own benefits
  • intended to reinforce self-view
17
Q

other-directed identity claims

A

-symbols that have shared meanings to make statements to others about how they would like to be regarded

18
Q

Interior behavioral residue

A
  • physical traces of activities conducted in the environment
  • act frequency approach to personality: someone who is high on a trait performs more acts that are prototypical of that trait
19
Q

exterior behavioral residue

A

-residue of behaviors performed by the individual entirely outside of those immediate surroundings

20
Q

Preconceptions informant reports (4)

A

1) time consuming
2) expensive
3) informants won’t cooperate
4) Informant data are not valid

21
Q

measurements for accuracy of self perceptions (3)

A

1) consistency with objective mesures
2) consistency with others’ perceptions
3) Meta accuracy

PAID (11 decks)

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