Problem 3 - measuring personality traits

Question 1

empirical strategy

Answer 1

• large number of items of certain domain
• > deciding which are appropriate
• based solely on the observed, empirical links between the items and some variable that is assumed to be a good indicator of the trait
• content is irrelevant, correlation is needed between behavior and trait
• psychologist starts with clear idea in mind as to which trait is to be measured

Question 2

personality traits

Answer 2

• differences among individuals
• tendency to behave, think or feel
• in some conceptually related ways
• across a variety of relevant situations
• over a long period of time

Question 3

structured personality inventories

Answer 3

• good reliability

- good content validity

Question 4

unstructured personality inventories

Answer 4

-projective techniques

Question 5

Rorschach Inkblot test

Answer 5

-10 inkblot patterns

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Question 6

Thematic apperception task

Answer 6

• 31 cards, ambiguous situations
• low test-retest reliability
• over-diagnosis

Question 7

cos empirical study

Answer 7

-very different sets of items might be selected depending on the nature and size of the sample of individuals that is used as the source of empirical data

Question 8

pros empirical study

Answer 8

-items may not have a obvious relevance to a trait

Question 9

factor analytic strategy

Answer 9

• way of sorting correlated items together into the same category (same factor)
• researcher does not necessairly have any specific plan as to which trait should be measured
• > identity of traits is revealed by analysis

Question 10

pros factor analysis

Answer 10

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Question 11

cons factor analysis

Answer 11

• if item pool does not contain a wide variety if items

- then product of factor analysis will be an inventory that measures a rather limited set of traits

Question 12

The rational strategy

Answer 12

• writing down items specifically for the purpose of assessing each trait that is to be measured
• figuring out which of the items are the ‘best’ ones
• > choosing items that are most strongly correlated to each other

Question 13

cons rational strategy

Answer 13

• resulting scales can only be as good as the sets of items that the psychologist had written to measure the traits
• choosing items that are most strongly correlated to each other

Question 14

pro rational strategy

Answer 14

• simpler
• easier
• does not require a large existing item pool

Question 15

comparing of 3 strategies

Answer 15

-rational strategy -> higher validity than factor analysis

Question 16

lexical hypothesis

Answer 16

• people will talk about personality traits that they view as having important consequences in their lives
• over time , words that describe important traits should become established in every language
• then factor analysis -> find major groups of personality traits

Question 17

lexical studies and Big5

Answer 17

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Question 18

five factor model - NEO personality inventory

Answer 18

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Question 19

catell

Answer 19

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Question 20

HEXACO

Answer 20

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Question 21

phrenology

Answer 21

• first attempt for personality assessment
• Gall und Spurzheim
• head size etc

Question 22

galton

Answer 22

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