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PAID > Problem 4 -the architect > Flashcards

Problem 4 -the architect Flashcards

1
Q

Neurotransmitters influencing behavior - Cloninger’s Theory

A

Dopamine
Seretonin
norepinephrine/noradrenaline

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2
Q

Dopamine

A
  • response to pleasurable, exciting stimuli
  • signals of reward
  • high levels of dopamine -> high levels of Novelty Seeking
  • novelty seeking -> excitability, impulsiveness, extravagance, disorderliness
  • parkinson
  • cocain
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3
Q

Seretonin

A
  • inhibits response to harmful, unpleasant stimuli
  • high levels of seretonin -> low levels of Harm Avoidance
  • harm avoidance -> worry, pessimism, fear, shyness, fatigability

-antidepressants like Prozac increases Seretonin to inhibit the transmission of punishment signals resulting in less negative emotions

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4
Q

Norepinephrine/ noradrenaline

A
  • inhibits response to stimuli that have previously been associated with pleasure
  • high levels of Norepinephrine -> low reward dependence
  • reward dependence -> sentimentality, warm communication, dependence
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5
Q

Jeffrey Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory

A
  • suggested that regions of brain work together as mechanisms that underly personality
  • differences among activity of systems -> basis of important personality dimensions
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6
Q

Jeffrey Gray’s 3 systems

A

1) The behavioral activations system
2) The behavioral inhibition system
3) Flight or fight system

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7
Q

The behavioral activation system

A
  • go system
  • regions of brain responsible for receiving signals which indicate that rewards are being expressed
  • encourages pursuit of rewards
  • people differ in tendency to be impulsive and seek pleasure+ excitement
  • similar to Novelty seeking by Cloninger
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8
Q

The behavioral inhibition system

A
  • stop system
  • brain areas receiving signals which indicate that punishments are experienced
  • similar to Harm avoidance by Cloninger
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9
Q

Flight or fight system

A

-brain regions responsible for motivating extreme reactions in response to extremely threatening situations

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10
Q

Eysneck’s theory

A
  • proposed a theory involving 2 major dimensions of personality
  • later a third dimension was added
  • Extraversion
  • Neuroticism
  • Psychoticism
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11
Q

Extraversion VS Introversion

Eysneck

A

-the strength of reactions to stimuli depends on the arousability of the brain
Extraverted people -> prefer to experience strong sensations
-enjoy bright colors, loud noises etc
-enjoy meeting and interacting with lots of people

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12
Q

Ascending Reticular Activation System (ARAS)

Eysenck

A
  • Eysenck believed that individual differences in Extraversion were governed by this brain mechanism
  • system located in brain stem
  • works as filter that regulates amount of stimulation that is admitted to brain from nervous system
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13
Q

Ascending Reticular Actication System (ARAS) - Extraverts

Eysenck

A
  • ARAS admits little stimulation
  • making one feel under-aroused
  • thus seeking stimulation
  • opposite for Introverts
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14
Q

Neuroticism VS. Emotional Stability

Eysenck

A
  • Eysneck believed that if one’s Limbic system is overwhelmed by stressful stimuli -> tends to have a neurotic personality
  • neurotic people tend to feel great deal of worry and nervousness in response to problems
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15
Q

Psychoticism

A
  • aggressiveness, manipulation, tough-mindedness, risk taking, irresponsibility, impulsivity
  • Eysencl suggested that persons high in Psychoticism -> high levels of hormone testosterone
  • > low levels of mono-amine oxidase (MAO)
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16
Q

comparing Gray’s and Eysenck’s dimensions

A
  • Gray’s Behavioral Activation system -> related to Eysenck’s Extraversion
  • Behavioral Inhibition system -> Neuroticism
  • Fight or Flight system -> Psychoticism
17
Q

Zuckermanns Model

A
  • he summarized 5 factors believed to represent basic dimensions of personality/temperament
  • Activity
  • Sociability
  • Impulsive sensation seeking
  • Aggression
  • Neuroticism-Anxiety
  • > each dimension is caused by own set of complex interactions among brain structures, neurotransmitters and hormones
18
Q

Lemon Juice task

A
  • support for Eysencks Theory
  • dropping lemon juice on tongues of participants
  • measuring amount of salvia produced
  • > introverts perceived it more strongly
19
Q

Hormones influencing personality

A

Testosteron
Cortisol
Oxytocin

20
Q

Testosteron

A
  • higher levels -> tend to be more aggressive/violent
  • levels can be influenced by prenatally exposure to testosterone
  • usually 10x higher in males
  • fraternities study
21
Q

Cortisol

A
  • released by adrenal cortex
  • prepares body for action in response to stress
  • effects: increase in blood pressure, blood sugar and suppression of immune system
  • in some cases, individuals with little cortisol release tend to be somewhat emotionally insensitive (males only)
  • neuroticism associated with higher levels of stress hormone
22
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • produced in Hypothalamus
  • released by pituitary gland
  • released when giving birth, breastfeeding, orgasm
  • associated with emotional bonding (mother and child)
  • men also have oxytocin
  • students were more trusting and trustworthy -> higher oxytocin levels
23
Q

trust study - oxytocin

A

-students who were more trusting in others/more trustworthy -> had higher levels of oxytocin

24
Q

the four humours and personality

A
  • humours -> fluids in our body
  • blood: cheerful temperament
  • black bile: depressive temperament
  • yellow bile: angry
  • Phlegm: calm

-> idea remained until Pavlov suggested 4 kinds of temperament

25
Q

sheldons 3 body types

A

-endomorph-> fat, digestive system= cheerfulness, sociability, relaxedness

  • ectomorph -> skin and nervous system
  • shy, sensitive, intellectual
  • mesomorph -> muscles, activity level , dominance , assertiveness (Bestimmtheit), adventurous
  • > his findings were biased
26
Q

oxytocin nasal spray

A
  • oxytocin through nasal spray -> manipulating levels of neuropeptides in brain
  • a single dose -> reduces negative reactions to faces that had been paired with electric shocks increases trust
27
Q

Oxytocin dampens responses in..

A
  • amygdala (which reacts to potential social threats)

- hypothalamus

28
Q

Rs 53576

A
  1. ..53343 -> gang in pech
    - > associated with responses to SOCIAL SUPPORT
    - A allele (Arschlöcher) -> associated with reduced responsiveness to social support received in anticipation of stress
    - > more stressed and thus lower tendency to seek social support

-G allele (Guten) -> less cortisol secretion -> more oxytocin in response to social support -> less stressed and thus higher tendency to seek social support

29
Q

Rs 2254…

A

….

PAID (11 decks)

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