pro-social behaviour

Question 1

define altruism

Answer 1

an unselfish concern for another’s welfare

Question 2

define helping behaviour

Answer 2

any act intended to benefit another person

Question 3

situational influences on helping behaviour

Answer 3

	characteristics of victim, 
	no easy escape (eg. On crowded train vs pavement), 
	exposure to helpful role models, 
	being in a hurry, 
	mood we’re in

Question 4

individual influences on helping behaviour

Answer 4

 more likely when we are less concerned about approval/are unconventional
 extraverted more likely to help
 being trained in giving help (eg. Lifesavers)

Question 5

define: enlightenment effect

Answer 5

public knowledge about psychological research can change the world – as we apply them in real life

Question 6

define bystander effect

Answer 6

less likely to help when there are many bystanders

Question 7

why is there the bystander effect? 3 reasons

Answer 7

 Diffusion of responsibility: presence of others makes each person feel less responsible for the outcomes
 Pluralistic ignorance: assuming that no one in the group perceives things as we do
 Social loafing: people working in groups feel less responsible for the outcomes of a project than they do when working alone.
 Eg. Kitty Genovese

Question 8

define: cost reward theory

Answer 8

helping reduces unpleasant arousal felt when confronted with suffering

Question 9

three stages of cost rewardt theory?

Answer 9

• arousal (knowing situation requires help)
• labelling (the situation as requiring help)
• evaluating of outcomes