5. select a research strategy Flashcards
do you know the difference between qualitative and quantitative research
yes son YEET
do you know the difference between cross sectional and longitudinal studies
yes son YEET
briefly describe non experimental research methods
describe the relationship between the IV and DV, HOWEVER they do NOT manipulate IV or control for EV’s so a causal relationship cannot be established
2 types of non experimental research methods
descriptive research methods
correlational research methods
6 types of descriptive research methods
observational research case studies interviews narrative records (recording everything participant does during the studies) archival method (looking at participant data before the the study) action research (come up with problem, fix, evaluate how it went)
for correlational studies, what are other names for IV and DV
IV: predictor variable/first meausre
DV: outcome/criterion variable, second measure
problems with correlational studies
non experimental directionality problem (can't tell what is IV and what is DV) third variable problem (might be relationship between A and B, but C affects both A and B)
How is quasi experimental research different from experimental research
IV isn’t manpulated but pre-decided based on factors outside of the researcher’s control.
- -> prevents random allocation, so might be more EV’s
- -> HOWEVER, the goal is the same of experimental research: to determine a cause effect relationship.
5 types of quasi experimental research
4 come from
- single group/non equivalent control group
- post test only design OR pretest-post test design
5th: single group time series design (pretested many times; IV presented, posttested many times)
describe internal validity
when we know the IV is what’s affecting the DV
these are factors that can hinder internal validity. describe: ambiguous temporal ordering history differences restesting effects floor/ceiling effects diffusion of reatment demand characteristics hawthorne effect
ambiguous temporal ordering: when its unclear whether the IV preceded the DV
history differences: participants might have experienced events outside of the study, during the study, which may have affected results
retesting effects: eg. practise/fatigue effects
floor/ceiling effects: not being able to detect effects due to measurements hitting a floor or ceiling (eg. no. decimal places on a scale)
diffusion of treatment: when experimental and control group intereact, so aspects of treatment may effect control group
demand characteristics: people guess purpose of experiment, and modify their responses accordingly
hawthorne effect: people respond differently as they’re being watched
what is external validity
whether results can generalise to the population
describe interaction of causal effect with units
whether results generalise to another group of people
causal effect in one type of unit may not apply to another type (Eg. between schools)
define: interaction of causal effect over variation
when IV is changed, DV may not be generalised
define: interaction of causal effect with settings
when setting is changed, effect of IV on DV might not be generalised
