Pro-social Behaviour Flashcards
What is pro-social behaviour, volunteerism and altruism?
Pro-social-an act that is intended to help others.
Volunteerism-planned pro-social behaviour in an organisational context which continues for extended period.
Altruism-an act of voluntary helping with no expectation of reward.
What does the evolutionary perspective say
Kin selection-by helping relatives increase chance of survival.
No direct evidence and hard to prove. Doesn’t explain help given to strangers.
What influence do social Norms have
Powerful influence. Benefit society.
Social responsibility-help those who need it.
Reciprocity-help those who help us
Social justice/just world hypothesis-world is fair place and someone who is suffering undeservingly undermine belief.
But helping rate isn’t always 100%
Latante and darkens cognitive model
Bystanders go through several cognitive stages before deciding to help
Attend incident and notice it’s taking place
Define it as an emergency
Accept personal responsibility
Decide if going to help
What is the bystander apathy effect
Presence of others means less likely to help.
Room with smoke and confeds.
Diffusion of responsibility-knowledge that others are aware so less sense of responsibility
Audience inhibition/normative social influence-avoid embarassment if no one else is helping
Informational social influence-no clear guidelines and look to others.
Piliavins bystander calculus model
Get arousal and have to label it.
When observe emergency have lower response so can assess without panicking. Then heightens to prepare us.
Give arousal different labels. Personal distress-help reduce it. Empathetic concern-if similar experience empathy
Work out costs of helping and not helping.
Factors that can affect helping behaviour
Personality-altruistic personality. Helpers have higher internal locus of control (have control over events) greater disposiotional empathy.
Competence-if can deal with it competently then more likely to help. Cramer-nurse and student.
Mood-good mood=more likely to help. Isen-good feedback on task more likely to help. Affects of mood don’t last long.
