Principles of non-foodbourne zoonosis control (Companion Animals) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a reservoir host?

A

One within which the organism can spread indefinitely.

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2
Q

What is a colonised host?

A

A host where no clinical signs occur but where the organism can multiply.

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3
Q

What is the key factor that dictates whether a zoonotic infection will establish?

A

Host susceptibility

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4
Q

What are the clinically relevant multi-drug resistant pathogens in human medicine?

How is this relevant to companion animals?

A
ESKAPE pathogens:
Enterrococcus faecium
Staphylococcus aureus 
Klebsiela pneumonia
Acinetobacter baumannii (and other spp.)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter spp.

All have been found in pets!

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5
Q

Where does the majority of companion animal MRSA infection come from?

A

As spill over reverse zoonotic infection for human hospital-acquired MRSA

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6
Q

What infection (other than MRSA) is very important zoonotically in dogs?

A

MRSP - this is highly drug resistant and is a veterinary nocosomial pathogen

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7
Q

What are the main problems with contracting MRSA?

A
  1. Extended length of hospital stay
  2. Treatment options are limited
  3. 1&2=costly!

n.b. that increased mortality of MRSA over SAU has not been conclusively proven

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8
Q

Why is the risk of infection of MRSA from animals to owners high?

A

MRSA is a human adapted pathogen so is likely to infect an owner

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9
Q

In what respect do the following spp. pose a zoonotic risk?

a) small furries
b) snakes and lizards
c) birds

A

a) handled lots by children
b) cleaning tanks (e.g. salmonella, fish tank granuloma (M. marinum)
c) wide spread and transfer through faeces

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10
Q

If a zoonosis is suspected, what should be done?

A
  1. Need to confirm -> Lab Tests

2. Inform the owners and advise to seek medical advice!

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11
Q

What groups are particularly at risk to zoonoses?

A

Practice staff
Owners/carers
Lab staff

High risk:
Compromised immune system
Close contact
Young/Elderly
Specific factors e.g. wounds, bites etc.
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12
Q

What is the most important thing to do to prevent disease spread?

A

Hand washing!

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13
Q

What are good control measurements to implement when a zoonotic infection is known in a patient?

A

See at the end of the day and ask to wait outside
Disinfect (& clean!!) before the next patient
Implement isolation & barrier nursing protocols
Move them around the surgery in a basket/on a trolley

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14
Q

Are lice zoonotic infection risks?

A

No as they are highly adapted to their host species.

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