Biochemical consequences of Protein and Energy Imbalances

Question 1

What components of an omnivore diet are needed to produce triglycerides by adipocytes?

Answer 1

Long chain fatty acids and glucose (glucose needed to form glycerol)

Question 2

What are the two types of amino acid with regards to metabolism of energy?

Answer 2

Those which are glucogenic and those which are ketogenic.

Question 3

Outline the bodies response to the fasting state.

Answer 3

Glycerol released from adipocytse to become glucose in liver for use in other tissues.

Pyruvate converted to glucose

LCFAs released from adipocytes for use as acetyl CoA and the CAC

Amino acids released to form pyruvate and acetyl CoA

Question 4

How does starvation differ to fasting?

Answer 4

Many LCFAs are released along with aas which lead to excess ketone body production.

Question 5

How does starvation lead to fatty liver?

Answer 5

Uptake of fatty acids by the liver

Question 6

How do ketone bodies form?

Answer 6

Lots of FAs released therefore turned into acetyl CoA which goes into the CAC. This produced lots of ATP which allosterically inhibits the CAC so the accumulating acetyl CoA then turns into KBs

Question 7

How does a ruminant get its energy?

Answer 7

VFAs can be used by being turned into acetyle CoA and can also be turned into glucose in the liver

Question 8

What are production disease such as twin calf disease and bovine ketosis simply a result of?

Answer 8

A deficiency in adequate glucose. This leads to excessive fat mobilisation which results in excess ketone body formation