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Medicine - year 1 > Principles of embryology > Flashcards

Principles of embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gamete?

A

Mature haploid male or female germline cell able to unite with another to form a zygote

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2
Q

When is the embryonic period?

A

Weeks 3-8

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3
Q

What does teratogen cause?

A

Irreverible deleterious structural malformations in foetuses

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4
Q

What does a mutagen cause?

A

Changes in genetic material of cells

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5
Q

What is gametogenesis?

A

Formation of gametes

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6
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Formation of male gametes

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7
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Formation of female gametes

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8
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

Fusion or sperm and oocyte to form a zygote

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9
Q

What is cleavage?

A

Period of rapid mitotic cell division with no increase in size (formation of morula then blasocyst)

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10
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

Formation of germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm)

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11
Q

What is embryonic folding?

A

Formation of body plan

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12
Q

What is organogenesis?

A

Formation of organs and organ systems

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13
Q

What is the fetal period?

A

Week 9 until birth

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14
Q

What happens during the fetal period?

A

Growth
Weight gain
Tissues mature and become functional
Overt sexual differentiation

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15
Q

What are the primary processes of embryonic development?

A

Cell division, differentiation, cell attachment, apoptosis, induction, cell migration

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16
Q

What happens during cell division?

A

Increase in number of cells

17
Q

What happens during differentiation?

A

Specialisation, change in structure and adoption of new features

18
Q

What happens during cell attachment?

A

Physical/functional linkages, formation of tissues

19
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Programmed cell death

20
Q

What is induction?

A

Ability of one cell type to cause another to differentiate

21
Q

What is cell migration?

A

Movement from one location to another

22
Q

What are the secondary processes of embryonic development?

A

Axis formation, folding/rotation

23
Q

Why is axis formation important?

A

As cells need to know where they are in relation to each other and the embryo as a whole

24
Q

Why is folding/rotation important?

A

Entire embryo structures within it, gives 3D form of embryo and allows formation of complex structures

Medicine - year 1 (20 decks)

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