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Medicine - year 1 > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the circulatory system made up of?

A

Cardiovascular system and lymphatic system

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2
Q

What is the cardiovascular system made up of?

A

Arteriole system, the heart and the venous system

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3
Q

What is the lymphatic system made up of?

A

Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes

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4
Q

What are the 4 functions of the circulatory system?

A

Distribution of gases and other molecules for nutrition, growth and repair
Chemical signalling (hormones)
Thermoregulation
Mediate inflammation and host defence responses

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5
Q

Describe the muscular double pump

A

Systole (contraction)
Diastole (relaxation)

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6
Q

Describe pulmonary circulation

A

From right side of heart to lungs to left side of heart

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7
Q

Describe systemic circulation

A

Left side of heart to capillary beds of organs and tissues to right side of heart

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8
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A

Epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

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9
Q

Describe the epicardium layer of heart

A

Visceral serous pericardium - external layer

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10
Q

Describe the myocardium layer of the heart

A

Cardiac muscle layer - middle layer

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11
Q

Describe the endocardium layer of the heart

A

Continuous with endothelial of blood vessels connecting with the heart - inner layer

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12
Q

Name the 4 cardiac valves

A

Pulmonary valve
Tricuspid valve
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Aortic valve

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13
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

A

Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

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14
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

A

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

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15
Q

Where is the mitral (bicuspid) valve located?

A

Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

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16
Q

Where is the aortic valve located?

A

Between the left ventricle and the aorta

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17
Q

Blood leaving the left ventricle goes into what valve?

A

Aortic

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18
Q

Blood leaving right ventricle goes into what valve?

A

Pulmonary

19
Q

What are the 3 layers of a blood vessel?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

20
Q

What is the tunica intima?

A

Internal layer - endothelium

21
Q

What is the tunica media?

A

Middle layer - smooth muscle and connective tissue

22
Q

What is tunica adventitia?

A

External layer - connective tissue

23
Q

What is sympathetic tone?

A

Background, low level contraction of smooth muscle in arterioles

24
Q

Production of action potentials to arterioles by sympathetic nerves causes what?

A

Sympathetic tone

25
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Relaxation of smooth muscles and widening of lumen - increases blood flow

26
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Contraction of smooth muscle and narrowing of lumen - reduces blood flow

27
Q

What are anastosomes?

A

Where arteries connect to each other without and intervening capillary network

28
Q

What is the role of anastosomes?

A

To provide alternative routes for blood flow to supply cells distal to an arterial occlusion

29
Q

What is the name given to each alternative route given by anatosomes?

A

A collateral

30
Q

What is an end artery?

A

The only arterial blood supply to a given area of the body

31
Q

What is infarction?

A

Irreversible cell death due to hypoxia caused by loss of arterial blood supply

32
Q

What does ascending aorta have?

A

Left and right coronary arteries

33
Q

Where does an ascending aorta supply blood to?

A

Heart muscle

34
Q

What does the arch of the aorta have?

A

Branches

35
Q

Where does the arch of the aorta supply blood to?

A

Upper limbs and head

36
Q

Where does the thoracic aorta supply blood to?

A

Thorax and abdomen

37
Q

What does the abdominal aorta branch into?

A

Two common iliac arteries

38
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta supply blood to?

A

Pelvis and lower limbs

39
Q

What is blood pumped back towards the heart by?

A

Venous valves
Skeletal muscle pump
Accompanying veins

40
Q

What system drains venous blood from absorpative parts of GI tract and associated organs to liver for cleaning?

A

Hepatic portal venous system

41
Q

What system drains venous blood from all the organs and tissues into the superior and inferior vena cava?

A

Systemic venous system

41
Q

What system drains venous blood from all the organs and tissues into the superior and inferior vena cava?

A

Systemic venous system

41
Q

What system drains venous blood from all the organs and tissues into the superior and inferior vena cava?

A

Systemic venous system

42
Q

What is lymph?

A

Interstitial fluid in the lymphatic vessels

Medicine - year 1 (20 decks)

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