Principles of Economics 6.1 - Introduction to Macroeconomics* Flashcards
What’s aggregation?
The process of summing individual economic variables to
obtain economy-wide totals
What’s the name for ‘the process of summing individual economic variables to
obtain economy-wide totals’?
Aggregation
What does ‘aggregate’ mean?
Total
What are the 3 major issues in macroeconomics?
- Inflation
- Unemployment
- Economic Growth
What’s inflation?
A general increase in the level of prices in an economy
What’s the name for ‘a general increase in the level of prices in an economy’?
Inflation
What’s unemployment?
The state of not having a job
What’s the name for ‘the general change in the size of an
economy’?
Economic Growth
What’s ‘Economic Growth’?
The general change in the size of an economy
What are the broad, desirable objectives of macroeconomic policymaking?
- Low and stable inflation
- A high rate of employment (i.e. a low rate of unemployment)
- A high and sustainable level of economic growth
Describe & explain the ‘fallacy of composition’
- Microeconomics analyses individual markets whilst macro (on a
simplistic level) is the study of all markets… - As a result, one might think that macroeconomic questions can be
answered by aggregating microeconomic answers. - You might think to yourself, “can’t we just take micro intuition and blow it
up to a macroeconomic scale?” - Sadly, this is not true; this is ‘fallacy of composition’.
- The macroeconomy is unfortunately more complicated than this
What’s the name for ‘the false assumption that macroeconomic questions can be
answered by aggregating microeconomic answers’?
Fallacy of Composition
What does the macroeconomy encompass?
Markets for goods & services, financial markets and the involvement of
government
What’s the difference between micro analysis and macro analysis?
By looking at the ‘bigger picture’, macroeconomists often focus
on trends rather than specifics.
* Micro analysis = often quite specific and more detailed.
* Macro analysis = typically more general and less detailed (by necessity)
How can we illustrate the macroeconomy?
Using a simple diagram called
the ‘circular flow of income’
What’s the ‘circular flow of income’ used for?
To illustrate the macroeconomy