Principles of Economics 4.2 - Firm Behaviour and Market Structures* Flashcards
What’s imperfect competition?
Where firms differentiate their
product in some way and so can have some influence
over price
What’s the name for ‘where firms differentiate their
product in some way and so can have some influence
over price’?
Imperfect Competition
What’s the most extreme degree of imperfect competition?
Monopoly
What’s a monopoly, both in theory and in reality?
It’s a market structure with only one firm as the sole seller of a product and no close substitutes. In reality, firms can exercise monopoly power by being the
dominant firm in the market
Explain what happens when a firm holds over 25% of market share
Firms might be investigated by regulators if they
account for over 25 per cent of market share, because
there is a risk that they have too much market power
How much market share must a firm hold for there to be a risk that a regulator might investigate the firm?
25%
What’s the saying for describing a competitive firm vs a monopoly firm to describe their relationship with prices?
A competitive firm is a price taker, a monopoly firm is a
price maker
Define ‘market share’
The proportion of total sales in a market
accounted for by a particular firm
What’s the name for ‘the proportion of total sales in a market
accounted for by a particular firm’?
Market Share
Define ‘market power’
Where a firm is able to raise the price of its
product and not lose all its sales to rivals
What’s the name for ‘where a firm is able to raise the price of its
product and not lose all its sales to rivals’?
Market Power
What’s the fundamental cause of monopoly?
Barriers to entry
What are the 4 sources of Barrier to entry?
◦ Ownership of a key resource.
◦ The government gives a single firm the exclusive right to
produce some good.
◦ Costs of production make a single producer more efficient than
a large number of producers.
◦ A firm is able to gain control of other firms in the market
and thus grow in size
Which source of barrier to entry in reality doesn’t really cause monopolies?
Although exclusive ownership of a key resource is a
potential source of monopoly, in practice monopolies
rarely arise for this reason
Explain goverment-created monopolies
Governments may restrict entry by giving a single firm the
exclusive right to sell a particular good in certain markets