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Biology > Principles of Biomolecules > Flashcards

Principles of Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term “monomer”. (F)

A

Individual molecules that make up a polymer.

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2
Q

Define the term “polymer”. (F)

A

Long-chain molecules composed of bonded monomers in a repeating pattern.

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3
Q

Define the term “macromolecule”. (F)

A

Large complex molecules with a large molecular weight.

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4
Q

Define the terms “dimer” and “oligomer” (S+C)

A

Dimer: two monomers joined together

Oligomer: several monomers joined together

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5
Q

Define the term “condensation reaction” . (F)

A

A reaction between two molecules resulting in the formation of a larger molecule and the release of a water molecule.

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6
Q

Define the term “hydrolysis reaction”. (F)

A

The breakdown of a molecule into two smaller molecules requiring the addition of a water molecule.

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7
Q

Define the term “metabolism”. (S+C)

A

The sum of the chemical reactions occurring an organism.

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8
Q

Define the term “catabolic reaction”. (S+C)

A

When a large molecule is separated to form smaller molecules.

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9
Q

Define the term“anabolic reaction”. (S+C)

A

When two small molecules are put together to make a large one.

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10
Q

List the 4 main categories of biological molecule. (F)

A
  • Carbohydrate
  • Protein
  • Lipid
  • Nucleic acid
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11
Q

What is the name of the building block(s) for a carbohydrate? (F)

A

Monosaccharide

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12
Q

What is the name of the building block(s) for a protein? (F)

A

Amino acids

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13
Q

What is the name of the building block(s) for a lipid? (F)

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

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14
Q

What is the name of the building block(s) for a nucleic acid? (F)

A

Mononucleotide

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15
Q

What is the name of the dimer for a carbohydrate? (F)

A

Disaccharide

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16
Q

What is the name of the dimer for a protein? (F)

A

Dipeptide

17
Q

What is the name of the dimer for a lipid? (F)

A

TRICK QUESTION it doesn’t have one

18
Q

What is the name of the dimer for a nucleic acid? (F)

A

Dinucleotide

19
Q

Is a carbohydrate a polymer? (F)

A

Yes

20
Q

Is a protein a polymer? (F)

A

Yes

21
Q

Is a lipid a polymer? (F)

A

No

22
Q

Is a nucleic acid a polymer? (F)

A

Yes

23
Q

What is the name of the bond that links glucose together? (F)

A

Glycosidic bond

24
Q

What is the name of the bond that links amino acids together? (F)

A

Peptide bond

25
Q

What is the name of the bond that links glycerol and fatty acids together? (F)

A

Ester bond

26
Q

What is the name of the bond that links nucleotides together? (F)

A

Phosphodiester bond

27
Q

What is the name of the reaction that joins the building blocks of the macromolecules together? (F)

A

Condensation reaction

28
Q

What is the name of the reaction that breaks the macromolecules apart? (F)

A

Hydolysis reaction

29
Q

Give examples of carbohydrates and their functions. (F)

A

Examples:

  • starch
  • lactose
  • cellulose
  • etc.

Functions:

  • energy production
  • energy storage
  • etc.
30
Q

Give examples of proteins and their functions. (F)

A

Examples:

  • amylase
  • trypsin
  • elastin
  • etc.

Functions:

  • enzymes
  • hormones
  • growth and repair
  • etc.
31
Q

Give examples of lipids and their functions. (F)

A

Examples:

  • cholesterol
  • phospholipids
  • triglycerides
  • etc.

Functions:

  • insulation
  • buoyancy
  • energy storage
  • etc.
32
Q

Give examples of nucleic acids and their functions. (F)

A

Examples:

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • ATP
  • etc.

Functions:

  • codes for proteins
  • makes ribosomes
  • energy
  • etc.
33
Q

What are the elements that make up the molecules for carbohydrates? (F)

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
34
Q

What are the elements that make up the molecules for proteins? (F)

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Sulphur (sometimes)
35
Q

What are the elements that make up the molecules for lipids? (F)

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Phosphorous (in phospholipids)
36
Q

What are the elements that make up the molecules for nucleic acids? (F)

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
37
Q

Define the term “single bond”. (F)

A

When a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

38
Q

Define the term “double bond”. (F)

A

When two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms

Biology (23 decks)

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