Principles of Biomolecules

Question 1

Define the term “monomer”. (F)

Answer 1

Individual molecules that make up a polymer.

Question 2

Define the term “polymer”. (F)

Answer 2

Long-chain molecules composed of bonded monomers in a repeating pattern.

Question 3

Define the term “macromolecule”. (F)

Answer 3

Large complex molecules with a large molecular weight.

Question 4

Define the terms “dimer” and “oligomer” (S+C)

Answer 4

Dimer: two monomers joined together

Oligomer: several monomers joined together

Question 5

Define the term “condensation reaction” . (F)

Answer 5

A reaction between two molecules resulting in the formation of a larger molecule and the release of a water molecule.

Question 6

Define the term “hydrolysis reaction”. (F)

Answer 6

The breakdown of a molecule into two smaller molecules requiring the addition of a water molecule.

Question 7

Define the term “metabolism”. (S+C)

Answer 7

The sum of the chemical reactions occurring an organism.

Question 8

Define the term “catabolic reaction”. (S+C)

Answer 8

When a large molecule is separated to form smaller molecules.

Question 9

Define the term“anabolic reaction”. (S+C)

Answer 9

When two small molecules are put together to make a large one.

Question 10

List the 4 main categories of biological molecule. (F)

Answer 10

• Carbohydrate
• Protein
• Lipid
• Nucleic acid

Question 11

What is the name of the building block(s) for a carbohydrate? (F)

Answer 11

Monosaccharide

Question 12

What is the name of the building block(s) for a protein? (F)

Answer 12

Amino acids

Question 13

What is the name of the building block(s) for a lipid? (F)

Answer 13

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 14

What is the name of the building block(s) for a nucleic acid? (F)

Answer 14

Mononucleotide

Question 15

What is the name of the dimer for a carbohydrate? (F)

Answer 15

Disaccharide

Question 16

What is the name of the dimer for a protein? (F)

Answer 16

Dipeptide

Question 17

What is the name of the dimer for a lipid? (F)

Answer 17

TRICK QUESTION it doesn’t have one

Question 18

What is the name of the dimer for a nucleic acid? (F)

Answer 18

Dinucleotide

Question 19

Is a carbohydrate a polymer? (F)

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Is a protein a polymer? (F)

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Is a lipid a polymer? (F)

Answer 21

No

Question 22

Is a nucleic acid a polymer? (F)

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

What is the name of the bond that links glucose together? (F)

Answer 23

Glycosidic bond

Question 24

What is the name of the bond that links amino acids together? (F)

Answer 24

Peptide bond

Question 25

What is the name of the bond that links glycerol and fatty acids together? (F)

Answer 25

Ester bond

Question 26

What is the name of the bond that links nucleotides together? (F)

Answer 26

Phosphodiester bond

Question 27

What is the name of the reaction that joins the building blocks of the macromolecules together? (F)

Answer 27

Condensation reaction

Question 28

What is the name of the reaction that breaks the macromolecules apart? (F)

Answer 28

Hydolysis reaction

Question 29

Give examples of carbohydrates and their functions. (F)

Answer 29

Examples: - starch - lactose - cellulose - etc. Functions: - energy production - energy storage - etc.

Question 30

Give examples of proteins and their functions. (F)

Answer 30

Examples: - amylase - trypsin - elastin - etc. Functions: - enzymes - hormones - growth and repair - etc.

Question 31

Give examples of lipids and their functions. (F)

Answer 31

Examples: - cholesterol - phospholipids - triglycerides - etc. Functions: - insulation - buoyancy - energy storage - etc.

Question 32

Give examples of nucleic acids and their functions. (F)

Answer 32

Examples: - DNA - RNA - ATP - etc. Functions: - codes for proteins - makes ribosomes - energy - etc.

Question 33

What are the elements that make up the molecules for carbohydrates? (F)

Answer 33

- Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen

Question 34

What are the elements that make up the molecules for proteins? (F)

Answer 34

- Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen - Nitrogen - Sulphur (sometimes)

Question 35

What are the elements that make up the molecules for lipids? (F)

Answer 35

- Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen - Phosphorous (in phospholipids)

Question 36

What are the elements that make up the molecules for nucleic acids? (F)

Answer 36

- Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen - Nitrogen

Question 37

Define the term “single bond”. (F)

Answer 37

When a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

Question 38

Define the term “double bond”. (F)

Answer 38

When two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms