Principles of Biomolecules Flashcards
Define the term “monomer”. (F)
Individual molecules that make up a polymer.
Define the term “polymer”. (F)
Long-chain molecules composed of bonded monomers in a repeating pattern.
Define the term “macromolecule”. (F)
Large complex molecules with a large molecular weight.
Define the terms “dimer” and “oligomer” (S+C)
Dimer: two monomers joined together
Oligomer: several monomers joined together
Define the term “condensation reaction” . (F)
A reaction between two molecules resulting in the formation of a larger molecule and the release of a water molecule.
Define the term “hydrolysis reaction”. (F)
The breakdown of a molecule into two smaller molecules requiring the addition of a water molecule.
Define the term “metabolism”. (S+C)
The sum of the chemical reactions occurring an organism.
Define the term “catabolic reaction”. (S+C)
When a large molecule is separated to form smaller molecules.
Define the term“anabolic reaction”. (S+C)
When two small molecules are put together to make a large one.
List the 4 main categories of biological molecule. (F)
- Carbohydrate
- Protein
- Lipid
- Nucleic acid
What is the name of the building block(s) for a carbohydrate? (F)
Monosaccharide
What is the name of the building block(s) for a protein? (F)
Amino acids
What is the name of the building block(s) for a lipid? (F)
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is the name of the building block(s) for a nucleic acid? (F)
Mononucleotide
What is the name of the dimer for a carbohydrate? (F)
Disaccharide
What is the name of the dimer for a protein? (F)
Dipeptide
What is the name of the dimer for a lipid? (F)
TRICK QUESTION it doesn’t have one
What is the name of the dimer for a nucleic acid? (F)
Dinucleotide
Is a carbohydrate a polymer? (F)
Yes
Is a protein a polymer? (F)
Yes
Is a lipid a polymer? (F)
No
Is a nucleic acid a polymer? (F)
Yes
What is the name of the bond that links glucose together? (F)
Glycosidic bond
What is the name of the bond that links amino acids together? (F)
Peptide bond
What is the name of the bond that links glycerol and fatty acids together? (F)
Ester bond
What is the name of the bond that links nucleotides together? (F)
Phosphodiester bond
What is the name of the reaction that joins the building blocks of the macromolecules together? (F)
Condensation reaction
What is the name of the reaction that breaks the macromolecules apart? (F)
Hydolysis reaction
Give examples of carbohydrates and their functions. (F)
Examples:
- starch
- lactose
- cellulose
- etc.
Functions:
- energy production
- energy storage
- etc.
Give examples of proteins and their functions. (F)
Examples:
- amylase
- trypsin
- elastin
- etc.
Functions:
- enzymes
- hormones
- growth and repair
- etc.
Give examples of lipids and their functions. (F)
Examples:
- cholesterol
- phospholipids
- triglycerides
- etc.
Functions:
- insulation
- buoyancy
- energy storage
- etc.
Give examples of nucleic acids and their functions. (F)
Examples:
- DNA
- RNA
- ATP
- etc.
Functions:
- codes for proteins
- makes ribosomes
- energy
- etc.
What are the elements that make up the molecules for carbohydrates? (F)
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
What are the elements that make up the molecules for proteins? (F)
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Sulphur (sometimes)
What are the elements that make up the molecules for lipids? (F)
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Phosphorous (in phospholipids)
What are the elements that make up the molecules for nucleic acids? (F)
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
Define the term “single bond”. (F)
When a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms
Define the term “double bond”. (F)
When two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms
