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Pe Year 1 Section B > Principles and Theories of Learning And Feedback > Flashcards

Principles and Theories of Learning And Feedback Flashcards

1
Q

Define positive feedback

A

Encouragement

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2
Q

Define Negative feedback

A

Error correction

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3
Q

Define extrinsic feedback

A

From an outside source

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4
Q

Define intrinsic feedback

A

From within

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5
Q

Define knowledge of results

A

Concerns the outcome of skill

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6
Q

Define knowledge of performance

A

About technique of skill

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7
Q

How should feedback be used in the cognitive SoL

A

Positive and extrinsic
As they have little knowledge and will motivate them

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8
Q

How should feedback be used in the Autonomous SoL

A

Requires detailed feedback
Negative feedback and and use their KoR and KoP to make adjustments

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9
Q

How should feedback be used in the Associative SoL

A

Extrinsic feedback
A bit of intrinsic feedback

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10
Q

Define Plateau

A

A period of no improvement in performance

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11
Q

What is this a picture of

A

Learning plateau curve

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12
Q

What is stage 1 of the learning plateau curve

A

Where the rate of learning is slow and performance level is poor due to being a novice

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13
Q

What is stage 2 of the learning plateau curve

A

There’s rapid Acceleration in rate of learning as performer gains some success

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14
Q

What is stage 3 of the learning plateau curve

A

Plateau in performance

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15
Q

What is stage 4 of the learning plateau curve

A

Is a period towards the end of task, potentially due to fatigue, performance may actually deteriorate- drive reduction

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16
Q

Define drive reduction

A

An end of task period when performance may get worse

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17
Q

What are the causes of a plateau

A

–Lack of motivation
–Boredom
– Coaching
– Limit of ability
– Targets set too low
– Fatigue

18
Q

What is the mnemonic for causes of plateau

A

Many Bees Can Look Towards Flowers

Motivation, Boredom, coach, limit of ability, targets too low, fatigue

19
Q

Define operant conditioning

A

The use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated

20
Q

What are characteristics of operant conditioning

A

– Based on trial and error
– Coach may manipulate the environment
– Shapes behaviour with reinforcement

21
Q

Define satisfier

A

An action that promotes a pleasant feeling so responses are repeated

22
Q

Define annoyer

A

An action that creates unease to promote the avoidance of incorrect responses

23
Q

What is the principles of operant conditioning

A

Success acts as a satisfier
Criticism can act as an annoyer so correct behaviour may avoided

24
Q

Define positive reinforcement

A

A pleasant stimulus after the correct response e.g. praise

25
Q

Define negative reinforcement

A

Taking away an unpleasant stimulus after the correct response e.g. negative criticism being removed once player does correct technique

26
Q

Define punishment

A

An unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions recurring e.g. A red card being given for a bad tackle, should prevent that from happening again

27
Q

How do you strengthen the S-R bond

A

–Positive reinforcement
–Negative reinforcement
–Punishment

28
Q

What is the S-R bond

A

The connection that is made between a stimulus and the response made to this stimulus.

29
Q

What are the 4 processes of observational learning

A

Attention
Retention
Motor production
Motivation

30
Q

Define attention

A

Making the demonstration attractive to the performer

31
Q

Define retention

A

Remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it e.g. make sure demo is clear and accurate

32
Q

Define motor production

A

Having the mental and physical ability to do the task e.g. matching skill difficulty to ability of performer

33
Q

Define motivation

A

Having the drive to do the task e.g. rewards or praise

34
Q

Define social development theory

A

Learning by association with others from MKO

35
Q

Define inter-psychological learning

A

Learning from others externally. Feedback and advice from MKO

36
Q

Define intra-psychological learning

A

Learning using others or an MKO to develop knowledge

37
Q

Define constructivism

A

Building up learning in stages based on current level of performance

38
Q

What does constructivism suggest

A

The learner uses zone of proximal development

39
Q

What are the 3 stages of zone of proximal development

A

What can I do alone?
What can I do with help?
What can I not do yet?

40
Q

Define zone of proximal development

A

The next SoL based on performers current level of performance

41
Q

Define insight learning

A

Using experience to solve problems relating to the whole skill

42
Q

Example of insight learning

A

In 3000m race an athlete may be aware that some athletes have a fast last 400m, so they would use tactic to set off at fast pace to negate the fast finish

Pe Year 1 Section B (6 decks)

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