Principii de tratament fracturi Flashcards

1
Q

Un pacienti cu fractura trebuie tratat initial ca un pacient

A

traumatizat

first thrings first → leziuni amenintatoare de viata

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2
Q

Toate traumatismele musculo-scheletale trebuie imobilizate in

A

atele

atelele mentinute ori de cate ori pacientul e transportat

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3
Q

Toate fracturile deschise sunt considerate contaminate

A

bacterian

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4
Q

Leziuni usor contaminate

A

cefalosporine gen 1 IV

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5
Q

Plagi deschise extinse / care au aparut in urma activitatilor din gospodarie

A

cefalosporine gen 1 IV

+

aminoglicozide

+

metronidazol

(Flagyl)

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6
Q

Daca este necesar

A

vaccin anti-tetanic

debridare + irigare in sala de op sub anestezie gen

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7
Q

Etape vindecare fracturi

A

hematom → imd

inflam + prolif celulara → ore-sapt

calus moale → 2 zile - 6 sapt (condroblaste + osteoblaste → formare os imatur / fibros)

calus dur → 10 zile - 4 luni (consolidare os fibros → os lamelar)

remodelare osoasa → 2 - 24 luni (remodelare si resorbtie calus, reconstituire cavitate medulara)

2z - 6s

10z - 4l

2l - 24l

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8
Q

Pseuartroza = vindecare incompleta a fracturii

A

decalajul dintre fragmentele de fractura → completat de tesut fibros

daca e supus mobilizarii excesive → membrana sinoviala cu lichid articular = pseudartroza (artic falsa)

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9
Q

Intarzierea in consolidare + pseudartroza sunt cauzate de

A

fracturi prin separare

interpozitie de tesut moale

miscari excesive in focarul de fractura

vascularizatia inadecvata a segm de fractura

infectie

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10
Q

Sunt vulnerabile la osteonecroza

A

oasele acoperite de o suprafata mare de cartilaj articular

invelis muscular slab reprezentat

cap femural

os scafoid

talus

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11
Q

Fracturile la copii pot afecta cartilajul de crestere in special prin

A

mecanism compresiv

mecanism de forfecare

*intreg cartilajul afectat → cresterea se opreste, mb afectat mai scurt decat cel indemn la sfarsitul perioadei de crestere

*o parte din cartilajul de crestere e afectata → osul creste asimetric cu o diformitate angulara (interv chir)

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12
Q

O leziune a cartilajului de crestere poate fi decelata doar pe

A

radiografii seriate

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13
Q

Majoritatea problemelor cartilajului de crestere sunt identificate pe Rx

A

la 1 an de la leziune → CONTROL RADIOLOGIC

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14
Q

Scurtari mb inf

A

scurtare <1cm → bine tolerata

1-2 cm → pantofi cu talpa groasa

>2cm → epifiziodeza = fuziune placa de crestere contralaterala

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15
Q

Artroza posttraumatica - complicatie aparuta in cazul

A

fracturilor intra-articulare cu deplasare

cartilajul nu e vascularizat → dependent de nutritia din lichidul sinovial

*cand e lezat cartilajul → minim potential de vindecare

daca fracturile intraarticulare nu sunt reduse, neregularitatea suprafetei cauzeaza rapid modificari artrozice

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16
Q

Artroza apare indirect

in urma unei

A

diformitati angulare severe

17
Q

Fortele de incarcare se concentreaza in

A

partea articulara → cresterea stresului + uzura articulara

18
Q

Pacientii cu luxatii post-traumatice ale soldului dezvolta coxartroza

A

10-20 de ani mai tarziu