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BCNS Board Exam > Primer 2B - 2C > Flashcards

Primer 2B - 2C Flashcards

1
Q

Which are water soluble isoflavones (related to genistein) and found in red clover? It is weakly estrogenic, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and may inhibit bone resorption. Allicin Beta Glucans Biochannin A Colosolic Acid

A

Biochannin A

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2
Q

Which are polyphenolic pigments found in turmeric rhizome and are antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anticoagulant? Allicin Beta Glucans Colosolic Acid Curcuminoids

A

Curcuminoids

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3
Q

Found in cruciferous veggies, chewing converts them into indoles and isothiocyanates…which bind/deactivate carcinogens and powerfully activate liver and GI detox enzymes, regulate leukocytic cytokine secretion, and inhibit tumor promoting enzymes? Allicin Glucosinolates Glucomannan Colosolic Acid

A

Glucosinolates

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4
Q

Found in garlic and reduces serum total cholesterol and BP. Allicin Beta Glucans Alkoxyglycerols Fructans

A

Allcin

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5
Q

This is a triterpene, found in the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa…it is known also as “botanical insulin”. Cetyl Myristoleate Colosolic acid Chlorophyll Catechins

A

Colosolic Acid

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6
Q

Which is found in cruciferous veg, and is converted by stomach acid into DIM and indole carbazide, all the compounds are easily absorbed and active. They specifically increase the ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-hydroxyestrone and block conversion of estradiol to 4-hydroxyestrone. Cetyl Myristoleate Alkoxyglycerols Catechins Indole 3 Carbinol

A

I3C Remember 2 and 4 hydroxyestrone are carcinogenic. 16 hydroxy is anticarcinogenic

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7
Q

Which is a found in shark liver oil and might have the activity of activating macrophages and NK cells? Allylic Sulfides Arabinogalactins Beta Glucans Alkoxyglycerols

A

Alkoxyglycerols

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8
Q

Which are antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, protect immune and CV system, activate liver detox enzymes, increase resistance to infections and are found in leeks, onions, garlic, family? Arabinogalactins Beta Glucans Allylic Sulfides Glucomannan

A

Allylic sulfides

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9
Q

Which inhibit tumorigenesis and metastasis and are found in leek seeds, carrots, radishes, pea, sorghum, coconut, Echinacea purpurea, Larix occidentalis, Curcuma longa? Arabinogalactins Beta Glucans Glucomannan Biochannin A

A

Arabinogalactins

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10
Q

Which is purportedly used for arthritis, fibro, CFS and immune disorders by no specific substantiating evidence exists? Carrageenans Cetyl Myristoleate Beta Glucans Fructans

A

Cetyl Myristoleate

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11
Q

Chlorophyll is antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic. True or False

A

True

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12
Q

Which has laxative activity and may contribute to glucose homeostasis by interfering with the absorption of non-fiber CHOs? Found in tubers of Amorphophallus family and is a soluble fiber Carrageenans Beta Glucans Glucomannan Isoflavones

A

Glucomannan

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13
Q

Many of these inhibit estrogen synthesis and are potent antioxidants, inhibit cell adhesion/growth factor activity/cell proliferation seen in cancer/atherosclerosis, they strengthen capillaries and enhance the effects of Vitamin C. Are found in citrus fruits, legumes, onions, wine, green tea, licorice root, flax, and cruciferous. Flavanoids/isoflavones Beta Glucans Carrageenans Fructans

A

Flavanoids/isoflavones (better known as bioflavanoids)

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14
Q

These are a type of flavanoid found in the largest amounts in green tea and grape seeds. They are antioxidant, increase basal energy expenditure and rate of FA beta-ox, are antimicrobial. Carotenoids Catechins Beta Glucans Colosolic Acids

A

Catechins

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15
Q

Which are polysulfated galactans from red seaweeds, resist digestion by humans, and might lower cholesterol. Flavanoids/isoflavones Beta Glucans Carrageenans Fructans

A

Carrageenans

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16
Q

Which is found in certain mushrooms and oats (is a soluble fiber), stimulates phagocytosis and cytotoxic NK cells? Flavanoids/isoflavones Beta Glucans Carrageenans Fructans

A

Beta Glucans

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17
Q

There are more than 600 of these, but only 3 have activity as one of the fat soluble vitamins. They enhance immune response, protect against UV radiation, spare GPx and other phase 2 enzymes. Found in red, orange, yellow pigments and many plants. Chlorophylls Catechins Carotenoids Vitamers

A

Carotenoids

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18
Q

What are found in flax seeds, soybean, wheat bran, and oatmeal and act as phytoestrogens that compete with human estrogens and likely confer some protection against breast, uterine, or ovarian cancers? Glucosinolates Lipoic Acid Isoprenoids Lignans

A

Lignans

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19
Q

Which are acyclic isomers of beta-carotene found in tomatoes and red grapefruit and have antioxidant effects and could contribute to prevention of prostate cancer? Glucosinolates Lycopenes Lipoic Acid Isoprenoids

A

Lycopenes

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20
Q

Which are sulfur containing antioxidants found in garlic and cruciferous vegetables? Thiols Lipoic Acid Isoprenoids Pycnogenol

A

Thiols

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21
Q

These are found in legume vegetables, spinach, tomatoes, potatoes and inhibit the growth of cancer cells and can reduce serum cholesterol. Saponins Pycnogenol Thiols Sulforaphane

A

Saponins

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22
Q

These are found in soybeans (genistein), chickpeas, beans, and legume vegetables. They act as phytoestrogens (biochanin A, Daidzein, genistein) and confer some degree of protection against breast/uterine/ovarian cancers. Isoflavones Isoprenoids Limonoids Lipoic Acid

A

Isoflavones

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23
Q

These are long-chain saturated fatty alcohols that comes from the wax of sugar cane and yams, and beeswax. They are hypocholesterolemic. Policosanols Perilla Oil Proanthocyanidins Octacosanol

A

Policosanols

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24
Q

These are found in grape seeds, cocoa, chocolate, apples, peanuts, almonds, cranberries, blueberries, and pine tree bark. Contain dimers and oligomers of catechin and EgCg. They are water soluble free radical scavengers that also reinforce collagen crosslinking and are antioxidant. Proanthocyanidins Protease Inhibitors Phenols Lycopenes

A

Proanthocyanidins

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25
Q

Which neutralize free radicals by breaking chains of membrane lipid peroxidation? Limonoids Lipoic Acid Isoprenoids Phenols

A

Isoprenoids

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26
Q

These are in garlic, sage, camphor, dill, citrus fruit oils, caraway seed oil. They induce expression of Phase 1 and 2 enzymes to promote detox of carcinogens, inhibit posttranslational isoprenylation of proteins thus inhibiting neoplastic growth. Lipoic Acid Phenols Limonoids (and other monoterpenes) Sulforaphane

A

Limonoids

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27
Q

A potentially hypocholesterolemic fatty alcohol isolated from wax covering green blades of wheat. Perilla Oil Phenols Octacosanol Phytosterols

A

Octacosanol

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28
Q

This comes from the bark of certain French pine trees, contains procyanidins/proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids. Acts as an antioxidant and directly stimulates glutathione synthesis and expression of glutathione reductase and peroxidases, and increases cerebral and cardiac blood flow. Perilla Oil Pycnogenol Sulforaphane Lipoic Acid

A

Pycnogenol

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29
Q

This is 50% alpha linolenic acid by weight. Perilla Oil Phenols Octacosanol Phytosterols

A

Perilla oil

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30
Q

These are found in soybeans and legumes and may inhibit free radical generation and slow carcinogenesis. Protease inhibitors Phenols Phytosterols Polyphenols

A

Protease inhibitors

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31
Q

Found in soybeans and most other plants, inhibit absorption of dietary cholesterol and colon/breast/prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Phenols Phytoestrogens Sulforaphane Phytosterols

A

Phytosterols

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32
Q

Found in plants with blue, blue-red, and violet pigments and inhibit inflammatory enzymes by modifying the prostaglandin synthesis pathways and reducing platelet aggregability. Phenols Phytoestrogens Sulforaphane Phytosterols

A

Phenols

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33
Q

These originate from plants and bing 17 beta-estradiol receptors…examples are isoflavones, lignans. Phenols Phytoestrogens Sulforaphane Phytosterols

A

Phytoestrogens

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34
Q

This is the aglycone breakdown product of glucoraphanin, found in cruciferous vegetables and induces expression of hepatic phase 2 enzymes, especially glutathione s-transferase and quinone reductase. Phenols Phytoestrogens Sulforaphane Phytosterols

A

Sulforaphane

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35
Q

Present in garlic, green teas, soy, citrus fruits, onions, apples, licorice root, grapes and wines. Inhibit inflammation,strengthen capillary integrity, and inhibit hormone binding in some tissues. Ellagic acid is an example and is found in strawberries, apples, and grapes, and stimulates carcinogenic detox. Polyphenols Phytoestrogens Sulforaphane Phytosterols

A

Polyphenols

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36
Q

Which medicinal plant is a succulent whose water soluble extract is converted in the colon into an anthrone that irritates the colonic mucosa, which increases mucus secretions and stimulates peristalsis…basically a laxative…chronic use can damage the colonic epithelium and mucosa and can potentially trigger a reflex stimulation of the uterus (giving it an abortifacient property). Agrimony Alfalfa Aloe Vera Anise

A

Aloe Vera

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37
Q

Which plant has a white/yellow tubular flower encircled by a rosette of grasslike leaves, a poultice from which can be used to relieve breast soreness and whose liquid from boiled roots might relieve stomach pains, anxiety, and edema? Agrimony Alfalfa Anise Aletris root

A

Aletris root (White tube stargrass)

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38
Q

Very tall leafy legume with small green leaves and bluish-purple flowers, the powered leaves can be mixed with cider vinegar as a tonic. Agrimony Alfalfa Anise Aletris root

A

Alfalfa

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39
Q

Has small yellow flowers, pointed hair leaves. Entire plant used for diuretic and astringent therapy for sore throats, kidney stones and jaundice. Agrimony Alfalfa Anise Aletris root

A

Agrimony

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40
Q

Used in Ayurvedic medicine for epilepsy, insanity, bronchitis, laryngitis, heachache, insomnia….”nerve tonic”…contains glycosides and saponins..used in adults to reduce anxiety, mental fatigue, irritability, and increase concentration, short term memory and feelings of well-being. Angelica Bacopa Anise Astragalus

A

Bacopa

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41
Q

Dried seeds of this are used for relieving flatulence, UTIs, and fever…root preparations can induce vomiting and perspiration for tx of toothache, bronchitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, fever, and hypomenorrhea. Angelica Asefatida Anise Astragalus

A

Angelica

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42
Q

The root of this plant contains triterpene glycosides, saponins, beta-sitosterol, VLCFAs, isoflavanoids….the extract is antiviral, antioxidant, fibrinolytic, hepatoprotective, and immunostimulatory, can reverse drug/EtOH induced memory impairment, increase cardiac output, and improve GI smooth muscle tone and motility. Arnica Bacopa Anise Astragalus

A

Astragalus

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43
Q

Member of carrot family, the tea from the seeds may relieve flatulence,colic, cough, bronchitis, and oral inflammation. Angelica Bacopa Anise Asefatida

A

Anise

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44
Q

Gummy resin from the roots of this plant is used as an antispasmodic and to ward off influenza and cold Angelica Bacopa Anise Asefatida

A

Asefatida

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45
Q

Creams from the flowers of this plant are used for muscle strains and soreness. Arnica Bayberry Black Walnut Black Cohosh

A

Arnica

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46
Q

Oil from the leaves of this plant contain 20-25% GLA and are used to increase sweating, as a diuretic, to soothe intestinal cramps, and to reduce swelling. Blackberry Bayberry Borage Calamus

A

Borage

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47
Q

The bark of this tree is a mild laxative, the husk of the nut treats intestinal parasites, ulcers, syphilis, and fungal infections, and leaves fight bedbug infestations. Black Walnut Black Cohosh Bayberry Bearberry

A

Black Walnut

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48
Q

This is a unicellular algae containing protein, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and others. Ingesting it intact can be anticarcinogenic, immunostimulatory, and hypolipidemic and can attenuate the effects of 5-flurouracil chemotherapy. Celery Chlorella Chicory Bayberry

A

Chlorella

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49
Q

The seeds of this plant contain capsaicin, which reduces pain. Celery Cayenne Chives Chicory

A

Cayenne

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50
Q

The bark and berries of this tree are used as laxatives Cat’s Claw Blackberry Boneset Buckthorn

A

Buckthorn

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51
Q

A decoction of the root bark is used to treat uterine hemorrhage, jaundice, dysentery, and canker sores; the fluid from boiled leaves treats fever and intestinal parasites. Bayberry Bee Pollen Black CoHosh Cat’s Claw

A

Bayberry

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52
Q

Cimicifuga racemosa. Decoctions from rhizomes and roots treat sore throat, RA, PMS, and kidney infections. It suppresses LH and directly relaxes the uterus. Blackcurrant seed oil Bee Pollen Black CoHosh Cat’s Claw

A

Black Cohosh

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53
Q

Extracts from leaves and flower tops used to tx cancer and respiratory infections, to induce sweating and urination to reduce fever. Seeds induce vomiting. Boneset Blessed Thistle Burdock Calamus

A

Blessed Thistle

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54
Q

Seeds from this may act as a diuretic, sedative, or flatulence suppressant. Chaparral Chickweed Celery Cinnamon

A

Celery

55
Q

The flowering tips of this plant can act as a laxative Chaste Tree Chicory Chaparral Chives

A

Chaparral

56
Q

Roots of this plant are chewed to clear phlegm and ease stomach gas and cramps. Burdock Calamus Buchu Blackberry

A

Calamus

57
Q

Seeds of this plant (Ribes nigrum) contain 15-20% GLA and 12-14% ALA, producing anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects…but the resulting oil isn’t cholesterol lowering. It can act synergistically with anticoagulants. Black Currant Seed Oil Blackberry Bea Pollen Burdock

A

Black Currant Seed Oil

58
Q

Fluid boiled from the leaves of this plant are used as diuretic and to treat strains, stomach pains, incontinence, and inflammation from poison oak. Bea Pollen Bearberry Cat’s Claw Calamus

A

Bearberry

59
Q

Extracts of this entire plant have been used to treat colds, nervous disorders, stomach ailments, respiratory ailments, swelling, infant colic, and hives. Catnip Buchu Boneset Blackberry

A

Catnip

60
Q

Fluid from the roots are used to treat coughs, asthma, stomachache, and to stimulate menstruation. Boneset Burdock Cat’s Claw Blackberry

A

Burdock

61
Q

Powder from leaves and flowers are mixed with boiling water to stimulate stomach motility, decrease nervousness, stimulate menstrual flow, and relieve pain…tea from the leaves is soothing. Chamomile Chase Tree Cinnamon Blackberry

A

Chamomile

62
Q

Poultice from entire plant in full bloom used to tx sores, ulcers, infections, and hemorrhoids. Chaste Tree Chives Chickweed Blackberry

A

Chickweed

63
Q

Teas made from the roots are used to tx nasal catarrh, and teas from the root bark or leaves or berries treats dysentery. Blackberry Boneset Buchu Cat’s Claw

A

Blackberry

64
Q

Tincture of dried leaves treats genital and UT infections, indigestions, edema, and diabetes. Cat’s Claw Buchu Boneset Cinnamon

A

Buchu

65
Q

Looks like a dandelion, the dried leaves and roots increase appetite and relieve dyspepsia, also used in food flavoring. Cat’s Claw Chives Chicory Chaste Tree

A

Chicory

66
Q

Fluids from leaves used to tx sx of common cold and malaria. Cat’s Claw Boneset Chaste Tree Boysenberry

A

Boneset

67
Q

Contains Hirsutine. Extracts of root have anti-inflammatory activity and inhibit platelet aggregation. The hirsutine extract inhibits the increase of intracellular free calcium in myocardial cells and may be anti-HTN. Chaste Tree Chives Cinnamon Cat’s Claw

A

Cat’s Claw

68
Q

The extract of the berries inhibits FSH secretion, prolactin secretion, and lactation. Chaste Tree Chives Cinnamon Dandelion

A

Chaste Tree

69
Q

Has antihelminthic properties due to alkyl cysteine sulfoxides in the stems and leaves. Chaste Tree Chives Cinnamon Dandelion

A

Chives

70
Q

The oil from the liquid extract is antibacterial and antifungal and has insecticide properties. Chaste Tree Chives Cinnamon Dandelion

A

Cinnamon

71
Q

Roots contain immunostimulatory glycoproteins with bactericidal and wound healing properties, and root extracts have been used in tx of ulcers, boils, syphilis, snakebites, skin diseases, and blood poisoning, and to increase resistance to infectious disease. Dandelion Colt’s Foot Comfrey Echinacea purpurea

A

Echinacea purpurea

72
Q

Seeds are made into poultice for wounds, can be hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic. Fennel Fenugreek Dandelion Comfrey

A

Fenugreek

73
Q

Rhizomes are used as an expectorant and in tx of flatulence, common cold, sore throats. Acetone extracts provide significant protection for gastric mucosa against HCL ethanol erosive damage and NSAID damage. Potentiates digestive function by increasing enzyme activity, stomach emptying stimulation, and GI motility…it also is a cholagogue and used to relieve morning sickness/nausea. Ginger Fennel Comfrey Dandelion

A

Ginger

74
Q

Entire flowering plant used to increase urine formation, stimulate appetite, reduce fever, and remove freckles. Colt’s Food Cleaver’s Herb Dandelion Comfrey

A

Cleaver’s Herb

75
Q

Roots have been used as diuretic, laxative, bile acid stimulator, and appetite stimulant. Tea from flowers used for cardiovascular issues. Colt’s Food Cleaver’s Herb Dandelion Comfrey

A

Dandelion

76
Q

Oil distilled from leaves has antiseptic value and accelerates healing of open wounds/ulcerations. Comfrey Eucalyptus Garlic Feverfew

A

Eucalyptus

77
Q

Ground seeds mixed with boiling water can be used in a poultice for burns, boils, carbuncles, and sores. Feverfew Garlic Eyebright Flax

A

Flax

78
Q

Roots are used in tx of indigestion, gout, arthritis and to induce vomiting. Gentian Ginkgo Ginseng Feverfew

A

Gentian

79
Q

Leaf extracts contain flavone glycosides and terpenoids (terpene lactones…sesquiterpene, bilobalide, etc.)…exhibits antioxidant, antiplatelet activating factor, cerebrovasodilatory, neuroreceptor modulting and pro-lipolytic acitions. Can potentiate anticoagulants. Garlic Ginkgo Ginseng Feverfew

A

Ginkgo

80
Q

Contains anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactones (parthenolide, artecanin, etc)…these inhibit platelet aggregation and prostaglandin synthesis, used to alleviate headaches, arthritis, and allergies. Ginkgo Ginseng Feverfew Fennel

A

Feverfew

81
Q

Flower bud of this plant is used to promote salivation and gastric secretion, reduce abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, and relieve arthritis, lumbago, toothache, muscle cramps and neuralgia. Cloves Colt’s Foot Comfrey Fennel

A

Clove

82
Q

Powdered roots reduce flatulence, induce sweating, relieve headache….the powder contains mucin, which reduces inflammation of the throat and pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are antibacterial, carcinogenic, and hepatotoxic. Colt’s Food Cleaver’s Herb Dandelion Comfrey

A

Colt’s Foot

83
Q

Seed extracts support GI function, used as a carminative, to reduce flatulence, and for relieving intestinal cramps, the tea can stimulate bile production. Eyebright EPO Fennel Garlic

A

Fennel

84
Q

Roots are used as stimulant, to tx convulsions, dizziness, vomiting, colds, fevers, headaches, arthritis…it stimulates lipolysis and accelerates glucose uptakes (enhancing glucose tolerance). Ginseng (American) Goldenrod Goldenseal Eyebright

A

Gingseng (American…Panax quin.)

85
Q

Symphytum officinale. Root extract suppresses leukocyte infiltration during acute inflammation. Roots and leaves used for tx pneumonia, coughs, diarrhea, osteoporosis, ulcers, arthritis, gallstones, hemorrhoids, headaches, gout, anemia, TB. Colt’s Food Cleaver’s Herb Dandelion Comfrey

A

Comfrey

86
Q

Oenthera biennis. Seeds contain oil with large amts of GLA, which is anti-inflammatory, and provides relief for PMS, menopausal flushing, and fibrocystic breast disease. Colt’s Foot Flax Oil Evening Primrose Oil Eyebright

A

EPO

87
Q

Poultice from whole plant useful for snakebites, venomous insect stings…the mash expels parasites, treats cough/asthma…toothache…the active component inhibits HMG CoA Reductase…extracts are antimicrobial, antiviral, hypolipidemic, fibrinolytic, increase intracellular GSH, inhibit thromboxane formation, and increase cytotoxicity of NK cells. Eyebright Garlic Goldnerod Goldenseal

A

Garlic

88
Q

Entire plant in full bloom used to tx whopping cough, asthma, epilepsy, pneumonia, hysteria and convulsions. Goldenrod Goldenseal Gymnema Eyebright

A

Eyebright

89
Q

Dried leaves are a stimulant and diuretic. Goldenrod Goldenseal Gymnema Eyebright

A

Goldenrod

90
Q

Crataegus oxycantha. Contains procyanidins and flavonoids in the berries which increase coronary blood flow and are mildly anti-arrhythmic…alleviates angina, heart valve defects, weak heartbeat (positively inotropic), and CHF, as well as reverse atherosclerosis. Hawthorn Horehound Huckleberry Juniper

A

Hawthorn

91
Q

Ephedra sinica. Stems are a source of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine compounds…people can become hypertensive and tachycardic on this. Lemon Balm Ma Huang Motherwort Horehound

A

Ma Huang is Ephedra

92
Q

Hydrastis canadensis. Fluids from roots used as appetite suppressant, powdered roots for open lacerations, fresh roots for mouth sores…active component is berberine…antimicrobial in the gut, can reduce BP, interferes with anticoagulants, is an abortifacient. Lemon Balm Motherwort Goldenseal Horehound

A

Goldenseal

93
Q

Seeds are high in caffeine content. Hops Horehound Juniper Guarana

A

Guarana

94
Q

Decoctions of leaves, stems, and bark tx coughs, asthma, hoarseness, diarrhea, menstrual irregularities, and kidney disease…also stimulates secretion of gastric and bile acids. Hops Horehound Huckleberry Juniper

A

Horehound

95
Q

Piper methysticum. Roots contain lactones (pyrones) that are anxiolytic, analgesic, anticonvulsive, and muscle relaxing…avoid use with clinical depression. Kava kava Juniper Huckleberry Marshmallow

A

Kava kava

96
Q

Seeds contain silymarin. Hepatocyte protective (alters cell membrane), blocks toxin binding sites, induces GSH synthesis. Inhibits inflammatory response of Kupffer cells, reducing hepatic inflammation. Juniper Milk Thistle Huckleberry Marshamallow

A

Milk Thistle

97
Q

Many related and active compounds in this herb. Actions: inhibit dietary glucose absorption, attenuates postprandial hyperglycemia in adults with diabetes. Hops Gymnema Huckleberry Juniper

A

Gymnema

98
Q

Humulus lupulus. The fruit is used as a poultice and a beverage for tx of fever, parasites, arthritis, to induce diuresis and sedation in those with nervousness or insomnia. Hops Hyssop Huckleberry Juniper

A

Hops

99
Q

Althaea officinalis. Extract alleviates local irritation, stimulates phagocytosis, accelerates glucose clearance from circulation, is anti inflammatory and immunostimulatory. Marshmallow Motherwort Lemon Balm Licorice

A

Marshmallow

100
Q

Leaf fluid used as carminative, diaphoretic, mild sedative for those with nervous agitation and difficulty sleeping. Hyssop Motherwort Lemon Balm Licorice

A

Lemon Balm

101
Q

Fluids from leaves are antimicrobial, antiviral, mildly spasmolytic…used to tx cough, TB, asthma, cuts, and bruises. Juniper Huckleberry Hyssop Licorice

A

Hyssop

102
Q

Decoctions of leaves and root bark used to tx sore throats and diarrhea Marshmallow Motherwort Huckleberry Licorice

A

Huckleberry

103
Q

Berries used for diuretic actions, to induce menstruation, relieve gas, treat snakebites and intestinal parasites. Juniper Huckleberry Hyssop Licorice

A

Juniper

104
Q

Root extract used to tx stomach ulcers, arthritis, induce menstrual flow, reduce fever, expel placenta…the extract can cause excessive sodium retention and HTN. Licorice Motherwort Parsley Nutmeg

A

Licorice

105
Q

Entire plant except roots is useful as a diuretic and stimulant. Pumpkin Motherwort Parsley Nutmeg

A

Motherwort

106
Q

Seeds contain delta-7-sterols that mimic dihydrotestosterone and may reduce BPH. Peppermint Red Clover Pumpkin Papaya

A

Pumpkin

107
Q

Leaves used as tonic, astringent, diaphoretic, stimulant, carminative, and nervine. Peppermint Red Clover Papaya Rosemary

A

Rosemary

108
Q

Entire blooming plant powdered and used as a sedative. Peppermint Tansy Skullcap St Johns Wort

A

Skullcap

109
Q

Extracts of twigs, leaves, bark are anti-inflammatory and used in lotions for bruises and sprains White Willow Yerba Mate Tansy Witch Hazel

A

Witch Hazel

110
Q

Fluids from leaves used to tx dysentery, asthma, hemorrhoids, inflammation, and sunburn…oil from flowers used for earache. Plantain Mullien Red Clover Tansy

A

Mullien

111
Q

Fresh leaves rubbed into skin to relieve pain, oil extracted from leaves reduces nausea, headache, and can be antiviral. Peppermint Plantain Red Clover White Willow

A

Peppermint

112
Q

Roots used to treat infections diseases Plantain Queensdelight Red Clover Parsley

A

Queensdelight

113
Q

Root bark contains carcinogenic oils. Sarsaparilla Safflower Sage Sassafras

A

Sassafras

114
Q

Berries contain beta-sitosterol…which inhibits binding of dihydrotestosterone to prostate cells and conversion of testosterone to a factor trophic for the prostate, these actions inhibit BPH Saw Palmetto Safflower Red Clover Plantain

A

Saw Palmetto

115
Q

Extracted oils used as a carminative and stimulant. Tamarind Tansy Spearmint Stinging Nettle

A

Spearmint

116
Q

Seeds contain xyloglucans which form a viscous gel in presence of water but dehydrate and shrink when dehydrated….when hydrated, they inhibit intestinal absorption of glucose Tamarind Tansy St Johns Wort Stinging Nettle

A

Tamarind

117
Q

Bark extract contains salicin, which becomes salicylic acid in the gut and liver, likely has thermogenic properties if combined with ephedra and caffeine. White Willow Stinging Nettle St Johns Wort Tansy

A

White Willow

118
Q

Leaves used as an expectorant. Yerba Mate Yerba Santa Tansy Stinging Nettle

A

Yerba Santa

119
Q

Root is sedating. Yerba Mate Tansy Valerian Stinging Nettle

A

Valerian

120
Q

Seeds used in tx of nausea, vomiting, and hemorrhoids. Nutmeg Plantain Red Clover Tansy

A

Nutmeg

121
Q

Dried root taken orally used as diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant…fresh ground roots applied to skin sores. Pleurisy Root Tansy Red Clover Plantain

A

Pleurisy Root

122
Q

Flowers plus water make paste to apply to boils. Flowers can be soaked in water to make a beverage to reduce fever, induce perspiration, simulate menstrual flow, and alleviate dermal sx of measles. Tansy Safflower Sage Red Clover

A

Safflower

123
Q

Roots exhibit diuretic properties and irritate the urinary tract…root extract used as aphrodisiac. Sarsaparilla Red Clover Sage Tansy

A

Sarsaparilla

124
Q

Tanacetum vulgare. Extracts of flowering tops used to expel intestinal parasites. Extracted oils may induce abortion. Tansy Red Clover St John’s Wort Stinging Nettle

A

Tansy

125
Q

Leaf extract is a laxative, well tolerated reliever of chronic constipation. Does not harm mucosal tissues. Red Clover Stinging Nettle Senna Sagw

A

Senna

126
Q

Roots contain beta-sitosterol…increases urine volume and maximum urinary flow, reduces residual urine volume. Inhibits binding of SHBG to receptors on prostate cells, thereby inhibiting prostate growth without effecting ejaculate volume or erectile function. Stinging Nettle St John’s Wort Red Clover Sage

A

Stinging Nettle

127
Q

South American green tea. Contains mateina (caffeine), and significant amounts of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid…the tea increases bile acid secretion. St Johns Wort Red Clover Sage Yerba Mate

A

Yerba Mate

128
Q

Hypericum perforatum. Standardized extracts to hypericin content…a very mild antidepressant…extracts also contain hyperforin, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Stinging Nettle St John’s Wort Red Clover Sage

A

St John’s Wort

129
Q

Fruit is proteolytic, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anit-ulcerative and digestive aid. Plantain Red Clover Papaya Sage

A

Papaya

130
Q

Roots exhibit diuretic effect…fruit is abortifacient. Fragrant leaves, used as garnish. Plantain Passion Flower Parsley Red Clover

A

Parsley

131
Q

Seeds are laxative, crushed fresh leaves reduce local swelling, boiled roots reduce nipple soreness…fruit is hypocholesterolemic. Passion Flower Plantain Red Clover Sage

A

Plantain

132
Q

Leaves used to tx wounds, lacerations, sores, coughs,sore throats, dyspepsia…whole leaf extract is antibacterial, fungistatic, virostatic, and inhibits perspiration. Oil is antibacterial, fungistatic, virostatic, Passion Flower Red Clover Sage Parsley

A

Sage

133
Q

Crushed flowers used to tx bruises and injuries. Tea may help induce sleep. Passion Flower Red Clover Sage Parsley

A

Passion Flower

134
Q

Fully bloomed plant used to tx whooping cough, used in salve for sores and ulcers…flowers used for sedation, to relieve gastric distress and improve appetite. Passion Flower Red Clover Sage Parsley

A

Red Clover

BCNS Board Exam (13 decks)

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