Misc Flashcards
Which doesn’t affect independent eating?
Hemianopsia
Xerostomia
Apraxia
Limb Weakness
Xerostomia
Parkinson’s can be considered autoimmune disease.
True or False
True
Which does not inhibit the absorption of non-heme iron?
Leucine
Tannins
Phosphates
Dietary fiber
Leucine
Which stage of kidney disease is severe loss of function and requires dialysis or transplantation?
Stage 3
Stage 4
End-stage
Stage 2
Stage 4
Is pernicious anemia a neurological condition?
Y or N
Yes
Would you eliminate phosphate binders in a pt with CKD?
Y or N
No…need them to manage phosphate levels
Which of these reduces the bioavailability of iron?
Vit C
Dietary Sugars
Manganese
Dietary amino acids
Manganese….the rest INCREASE absorption
Why would reducing orange juice consumption be helpful in someone with dyslipidemia?
the fructose in the OJ can contribute to the lipid issue
For a patient with neuro deficits who chews constantly, having them set their utensil down between bites could exacerbate the issue.
T or F
FALSE…it likely will help
Canned foods/supplements are helpful for those with taste alterations.
T or F
False…avoid them with these pts
The oil from the leaves of which can be used for diuresis or to sooth intestinal cramps?
Borage
Comfrey
Arnica
Catnip
Borage
Which type of diarrhea is associated with Crohn’s?
Exudative
Secretory
Limited mucosal contact
Osmotic
Limited mucosal contact
Highest glycemic index?
Brown rice
Dried apricot
coconut
soybeans
brown rice
Which wouldn’t be suggested on a mediterranean diet?
Coconut oil
Rapeseed oil
Canola oil
Margarine
Coconut…it’s saturated fat. Mediterranean diet is limited saturated fats
Which type of diarrhea is associated with ulcerative colitis?
Exudative
Secretory
Limited mucosal contact
Osmotic
exudative due to presence of blood/pus
Which interferes with ART in HIV patients?
Ginger
St John’s wort
Astragalus
Turmeric
St John’s wort (also garlic)
Xanax can be helpful with anorexia
T or F
True, it’s an appetite stimulant
Pts with egg allergies should also avoid lactoferrin.
T or F
False…lactoferrin is not found in eggs
Which vitamins should not be supplement during end-stage renal disease?
A, E, C
Folate, B12, D
A, E, K
C, B12, Folate
A, E, K….these fat soluble shouldn’t be supplemented
Cancer rates are higher for men or women?
Men
Gingko will ____ the stomach in cancer patients
Irritate
Soothe
Sooth
Which type of anemia is inherited and characterized by microcytic, hypochromic, and short-lived red blood cells which can cause facial deformities and bone changes?
Sickle cell
Hemolytic
Sideroblastic
Thalassemia
Thalassemia
Which B vitamin interferes with the sodium phosphate pump and can reduce PO4 levels in those with end stage renal disease, ESRD?
B2
B3
B9
B12
B3
Which is associated with anorexia?
Diarrhea
Constipation
Constipation
Which is low oxalate?
blueberries
sauerkraut
black tea
spinach
sauerkraut
Which age levels increase risk for CVD in men and women?
Men 45 yrs
Women 55 yrs
Pts with beriberi should avoid which foods?
almonds, spinach
yeast, salmon, pork
citrus fruits
green tea, black tea, shellfish
green/black tea, shellfish…they contain polyphenols which inhibit thiamin absorption
goldenseal, dandelion, milk thistle, barberry, ginger, peppermint, rosemary,
cholagogues
carminatives
galactagogues
sedatives
cholagogues: stimulates bile flow
what is a cholagogue
has the specific effect of stimulating the flow of bile from the liver.
what is a carminative
helps prevent or relieve gas
Fennel (Foeniculi fructus; Foeniculi vulgare), Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Spearmint (Mentha spicata), peppermint, Angelica (seeds), Anise ginger Cardamom
are considered
cholagauges
carminatives
galactagogues
sedatives
carminatives
what is an abortifacient? name 4
can cause abortion
Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), Aloe vera (extract), Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), Parsley fruit
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum), Moringa, Goat’s Rue, Fennel, Red Raspberry Leaf, Vitex, Nettle (NOT stinging nettle), Alfalfa, Blessed Thistle, Borage, Hops
cholagauges
carminatives
galactagogues
sedatives
galactagogues an herb that is used to help increase breastmilk production in nursing mothers
Peppermint, Spearmint, Parsley, Black Walnut, stinging nettles, Lemon Balm, Oregano, Sage, Jasmine
cholagogue
galactagogues
abortive
reduce breast milk flow
reduce breast milk flow
herbs for depression (2)
Kava Kava (Piper methysticum), SJW
herbs for sleep (5)
Passion Flower (Maypop Passion-Flower) (Passiflora incarnata), Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis), valerian, lavender, hops,
5 botanicals that should be avoided before surgery
garlic, ginko, ginseng, dong quai, feverfew
congenital or developmental aspects of an individual like family history
antecedents
most widely distributed coenzyme
ATP
appetite loss and frequent infections is a sign of what vitamin def?
vit A
what mineral can improve production of T3 and lower autoantibodies to thyroid hormone
sel
___ mimics the effect of insulin on adipocytes
___ potentiates action of insulin
vanadium mimics the effect of insulin on adipocytes
chromium potentiates action of insulin
what is associated with galacosemia, gastric bybass and glycogen storage disease
hypoglycemia
when no mitochondria like in erythrocytes pyruvate turns to ____ instead of _____
lactate, carbon dioxide
It is important for nutritionists to understand their client’s or patient’s readiness to change
stage because:
a. this will insure that the recommendations will help them change.
b. it helps the practitioner to know what information, support and/or recommendations
will help them get to the next stage of change and ultimately achieve their desired
goals.
c. it determines what specific lifestyle recommendations are needed.
d. it creates less tension in consultations sessions.
B. it helps the practitioner to know what information, support and/or recommendations
will help them get to the next stage of change and ultimately achieve their desired
goals.
Responsible recommendations to consume vitamins in amounts exceeding their
RDA:
a. ignore efficacy and risk for toxicity.
b. balance benefits and risks.
c. are not possible.
d. are inconsistent with current knowledge.
b. balance benefits and risks.
The five clinical determinants of metabolic syndrome are:
a. Waist circumference, cholestero, HDL, BMI, fasting plasma glucose (fpg)
b. Hip to waist ratio, triglycerides, LDL, blood pressure, fpg
c. Hip to waist ratio, cholesterol, HDL, BMI, fpg
d. Waist circumference, triglycerids, HDL, blood pressure, fpg
D. Waist circumference, triglycerids, HDL, blood pressure, fpg
A fasting plasma glucose concentration of 50 mg/dLmay suggest the presence of:
a. diabetes.
b. hypoglycemia.
c. normal glucose tolerance.
d. hyperinsulinemia.
b. hypoglycemia.
Normal blood sugar levels are less than 100 mg/dL after not eating (fasting) for at least eight hours. And they’re less than 140 mg/dL two hours after eating.
During the day, levels tend to be at their lowest just before meals. For most people without diabetes, blood sugar levels before meals hover around 70 to 80 mg/dL.
One blood test which assesses vitamin B12 status and is included in a complete blood
count panel is:
a. hemoglobin level
b. MCV or mean cell or corpuscular volume
c. platelet levels
d. RBC counts
b. MCV or mean cell or corpuscular volume
- . The most accurate way to assess micronutrient intake is through the use of a:
a. 24-hour food intake recall questionnaire.
b. 7-day food intake frequency.
c. “food frequency questionnaire.”
d. stool and urine analysis.
c. “food frequency questionnaire.”
The infusion of a hypertonic nutrient solution through the jugular or saphenous vein is called: a. enteral alimentation. b. central parenteral alimentation. c. peripheral parenteral alimentation. d. peridialytic alimentation.
b. central parenteral alimentation.
Post-surgically, home parenteral nutritional support is mandatory in patients with surgically-induced short bowel syndrome and high energy output ostomies (associated with fat malabsorption) who are not able to maintain their weight on oral or enteral feeding.
An inborn error of metabolism may result from:
a. polyploidy.
b. DNA replication errors.
c. congenital malnutrition.
d. neonatal infection.
b. DNA replication errors.
It may be wise to assess the status of the following in a client on long-term proton pump
inhibitor (PPI) therapy:
a. Folate
b. B12 and minerals
c. Biotin
d. CoQ10
b. B12 and minerals
Individuals taking anticonvulsant medications may develop depleted reserves of:
a. folate and vitamin D.
b. thiamin and riboflavin.
c. folate and pantothenic acid.
d. pyridoxine and biotin.
a. folate and vitamin D.
Dietary intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin are related to the intake of:
a. iron.
b. ascorbic acid.
c. calcium.
d. calories.
d. calories.
Use of a thiazide diuretic drugmay produce a low plasma concentration of:
a. calcium.
b. potassium.
c. uric acid.
d. phosphorus.
b. potassium.
Except for when women are pregnant and lactating, the total quantity of nutrients
and calories needed during ____ are greater than at any other stage of the life
cycle.
a. infancy
b. childhood
c. adolescence
d. aging
c. adolescence
The most serious consequence of feeding “double-strength” formula
to an infant is likely to be:
a. sleepiness.
b. colic.
c. mental impairment.
d. dehydration.
d. dehydration.
The food components that are listed on the Nutrition Facts panel are:
a. sugars, fiber, and potassium.
b. sugars, dietary fiber, and calcium.
c. sugars, dietary fiber, and monounsaturated fat.
d. sugars, magnesium, and B-complex vitamins.
b. sugars, dietary fiber, and calcium.
The dietary change that is the most effective in contributing to a decrease in serum
total cholesterol concentration is:
a. decrease on cholesterol intake.
b. a decrease in saturated fat intake.
c. an increase in polyunsaturated fat intake.
d. an increase in monounsaturated fat intake.
b. a decrease in saturated fat intake.
Dietary proteins are of high biological value when they are obtained from:
a. fish, legumes and whole milk.
b. beef, pork and cream cheese.
c. white bread, vegetables and legumes.
d. eggs, chicken meats and cheddar cheese.
d. eggs, chicken meats and cheddar cheese.
Garlic’s active compound, allicin, inhibits:
a. Muscle spasm
b. HMG-Co A reductase activity
c. Hydroxylase activity
d. Constipation
b. HMG-Co A reductase activity
Beta-glucans are phytonutients that are derived from various mushroom
species and have specific beneficial effects for:
a. cardiovascular disease
b. gastrointestinal symptoms and function
c. immune function
d. auditory function
c. immune function
The deficiency of which nutrient results in elevated levels of xanthurenate: a. Biotin b vitamin B2 c. vitamin B6 d. vitamin B1
c. vitamin B6
Glycolysis is a metabolic process that involves:
a. glycogen synthesis
b. the conversion of glucose to glycogen
c. the conversion of glucose to pyruvate.
d. the conversion of fatty acids to ATP
c. the conversion of glucose to pyruvate.
Nutrification is the:
a. addition of a nutrient to a food in order to assure the distribution of that nutrient
to a target population group.
b. specific addition of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron to white flour.
c. structural modification of complex carbohydrates.
d. addition of at least 25% of the RDA of a nutrient to a food product
that has been designed to replace a meal or food item.
addition of a nutrient to a food in order to assure the distribution of that nutrient
In the polypeptide chain of a protein, the sequential order of the amino acids is called the: a. primary structure. b. secondary structure. c. tertiary structure. d. quaternary structure.
a. primary structure.
The structures of linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid differ in their:
a. chain lengths.
b. double bond positions.
c. numbers of double bonds.
d. side chain moieties.
numbers of double bonds
The C677T base substitution in the gene that synthesizes the enyzyme methyl-
tetrahydrofolate reductase is a genetic abnormality called:
a. a base substitution
b. a genetic anomaly
c. a single nucleotide polymorphism
d. an epigenetic phenomena
c. a single nucleotide polymorphism
The hormone that is synthesized in adipose tissue and signals satiety is:
a. adiponectin
b. glucagon
c. leptin
d. ghrelin
c. leptin
Most iron is transported in the blood via the plasma carrier:
a. heme.
b. ferritin.
c. transferrin.
d. albumin.
c. transferrin.
lb to kg equation
lb / 2 = x - 1/10
in to m equation
in x 0.0254
BMI ranges
under <18.5
normal 18.5-24.9
over 25-29.9
obese 30+
The deficiency of which nutrient results in elevated levels of beta-hydroxyiovalerate: a. Biotin b vitamin B2 c. vitamin B6 d. vitamin B1
a. Biotin
The deficiency of which nutrient results in elevated levels of erythrocyte transketolase: a. Biotin b vitamin B2 c. vitamin B6 d. vitamin B1
d. vitamin B1
The deficiency of which nutrient results in elevated levels of ethylmalonate: a. Biotin b vitamin B2 c. vitamin B6 d. vitamin B1
b vitamin B2
The deficiency of which nutrient results in elevated levels of n-methylnicotinimide: a. vitamin B3 b vitamin B2 c. vitamin B6 d. vitamin B1
a. vitamin B3
The deficiency of which nutrient results in elevated levels of n-BCKA (branch chain keto acids):
B1, B2, B3, B6 and lipoic acid
B1, B2, B3, B5 and lipoic acid
B1, B2, B3, and B5
B2, B3, B5 and B6
B1, B2, B3, B5 and lipoic acid
The aromatic amino acids
phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine
does lithium lengthen or shorten the circadian rhythm?
lengthen
long term PPI risk can put you as risk for all except:
Osteoporosis
SIBO
IBS
Hypertension
Hypertension
Individuals receiving hemodialysis should receive ____ protein/kg daily.
1.1 to 1.3g protein/kg daily - primer
study for 1-2
most frequent form of hepititis?
A
binge eating is associated with all except:
eating alone
waiting until extremely hungry then eating large amounts of food
eating until uncomfortably full
eating more rapidly than normal
waiting until extremely hungry then eating large amounts of food
which vitamin is a cofactor in oxidation and synthesis of fatty acids
Biotin
B3
B12
Folate
Biotin
adaptive state of starvation is characterized by all except
increased glycogenolysis
increased ureagenesis
increased ketone body production
decreased gluconeogenesis
increased ureagenesis
starvation is involved with decreased ureagenesis
nutrient supplements involed with healing burns include all except
Vit A
CoQ10
Vit C
Zinc
CoQ10
marker of cell health on electrical bioimpedance?
phase angle
for HIV management:
3 large meals with snack
small frequent meals
small frequent meals
which function is not associated with sulfur
part of B12 part of insulin part of cartilage part of keratin part of glutathione part of connective tissue
part of B12
how much protein for non dialysis patients?
0.5-0.8
Prior to initiation of hemodialysis, restriction of dietary protein intake to 0.6 g protein/kg daily may delay the need for dialysis.