Genetic SNPs Flashcards
The substitution of valine for alanine in the genome for this enzyme can prevent its transport into the mitochondria. The enzyme is vital for detox of ROS and this SNP will increase risk for breast cancer.
Mn SOD N-acetyl transferases (NAT) CYP 1A2 SULT = Sulfotransferases UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases Glutathione S Transferases (GST)
Mn SOD
manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the essential mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies the free radical superoxide, the major by-product of mitochondrial respiration.
plays a vital role in metabolizing a wide range of chemicals and drug substances….activates dietary carcinogens such as aromatic amines, but detoxifies compounds such as caffeine. Individuals with low expression of the _____ genotype generally metabolize caffeine slower, and are at a greater risk of caffeine-associated heart disease. As caffeine is the main compound in coffee and certain teas, and is detoxified by _____, it may be a crucial risk factor for heart disease in certain populations.
CYP2D6
CYP1A2
CYP2C9
CYP2A1
CYP 1A2
______are essential in enhancing the elimination of toxins in feces and urine, as well as metabolizing bilirubin and steroid hormones.
Polymorphisms of this enzyme are associated with hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias: Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I, type II and Gilbert syndrome.
Phytochemicals may modulate, rather than induce enzymatic activity with many studies reporting that effects are variable depending on genotype and gender
Mn SOD N-acetyl transferases (NAT) CYP 1A2 SULT = Sulfotransferases UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases Glutathione S Transferases (GST)
UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases
Its main function is the conjugation of the sulfur group to produce a water-soluble compound excreted via bile or urine. They play an important role in antioxidant defense and detoxification. Foods such as alliums, cruciferous vegetables and resveratrol have been shown to induce _____ in humans. Interestingly, genetic variances, body weight, and gender may play a role in the dietary factors on these enzymes
Mn SOD N-acetyl transferases (NAT) CYP 1A2 SULT = Sulfotransferases UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases Glutathione S Transferases (GST)
Glutathione S Transferases (GST)
_____ are involved in the metabolism of carcinogens and drugs, where polymorphisms in genes for this category of enzymes have been shown to lead to poor metabolism, hepatoxicity during drug treatment and certain cancers.
Mn SOD N-acetyl transferases (NAT) CYP 1A2 SULT = Sulfotransferases UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases Glutathione S Transferases (GST)
N-acetyl transferases (NAT)
______play a role in detoxification of procarcinogens and toxins. Decreased function of these enzymes and polymorphisms may be a predisposing factor for lung cancer. Sulfur-containing compounds from dietary sources may play an essential role in _____ function by providing a substrate for the action of the enzyme.
Mn SOD N-acetyl transferases (NAT) CYP 1A2 SULT = Sulfotransferases UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases Glutathione S Transferases (GST)
SULT = Sulfotransferases
The C677T base substitution in the gene that synthesizes the enyzyme methyl-
tetrahydrofolate reductase is a genetic abnormality called:
a base substitution
a genetic anomaly
a single nucleotide polymorphism
an epigenetic phenomena
a single nucleotide polymorphism
SNPs involved in weight management (5)
ADRB3, T2DM, FTO, FABP2, POMC
SNP involved in bone health
VDR
manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the essential mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies the free radical superoxide, the major by-product of mitochondrial respiration.
The substitution of ___ for___ in the genome for this enzyme can prevent its transport into the mitochondria. The enzyme is vital for detox of ROS and this SNP will increase risk for breast cancer.
valine for alanine
Clinical studies reported that bioactive compounds, cruciferous vegetables, citrus, and resveratrol induce these enzymes.
Mn SOD N-acetyl transferases (NAT) CYP 1A2 SULT = Sulfotransferases UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases Glutathione S Transferases (GST)
UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases
