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BCNS Board Exam > Paper Practice Exam Material > Flashcards

Paper Practice Exam Material Flashcards

1
Q

Best measurements to assess growth?

Recumbent length and weight
Height and weight
Height and BMI
Height and head circumference

A

Height and weight

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2
Q

Which does not occur during pregnancy?

GERD becomes more common
GI motility increases
Appetite increases
Thirst increases

A

GI motility DOES NOT increase

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3
Q

Pregnant women need a minimum of how many grams of CHOs daily?

150
175
200
225

A

175

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4
Q

How many grams per day of protein for women?

46
51
60
71

A

46

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5
Q

How many g/kg/day of protein for women above 19 who are not pregnant?

  1. 9
  2. 8
  3. 85
  4. 0
A

0.8

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6
Q

How many grams of protein per day for pregnant women?

46
51
60
71

A

71

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7
Q

Protein requirement for adolescents (g/kg/day)?

  1. 8
  2. 85
  3. 9
  4. 95
A

0.95

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8
Q

Adolescent RDA of Calcium?

1000 mg/d
1200
1300
1500

A

1300mg/d

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9
Q

Elderly need which RDA of Calcium?

1000 mg/d
1200
1400
1500

A

1200 mg/d

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10
Q

Angiotensin II …

Prevents the adrenals from releasing aldosterone
Prevents the lungs from producing rennin
Stimulates the adrenals to release more aldosterone
Stimulates the lungs to produce rennin

A

Stimulates the adrenals to produce more aldosterone

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11
Q

End product of beta-oxidation in the mitochondria (fatty acid oxidation) is

Triacylglcyerol
Pyruvate
acetyl-CoA
glycerol

A

acetyl-CoA

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12
Q

A glycemic index at or below which level is considered “low glycemic”?

75
65
60
55

A

55

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13
Q

Where is glucagon synthesized?

Large Intestine
Pancreas
Liver
Spleen

A

Pancreas (Alpha cells)

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14
Q

How many kcal/gram is alcohol?

5
7
9
11

A

7

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15
Q

Which refers to adding certain vitamins/minerals to specific foods like grains to replace those lost during processing?

Fortification
Enrichment
Enhancement
Supplementation

A

Enrichement

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16
Q

Which refers to adding vitamin/minerals not lost during processing?

Fortification
Enrichment
Enhancement
Supplementation

A

Fortification

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17
Q

Which beriberi do these sx belong to: muscle wasting, leg cramps, tenderness, decreased sensation in fingers/toes?

Dry
Wet
Cerebral
Infantile

A

Dry

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18
Q

Which beriberi do these associate with: cardiomegaly, tachycardia, right side heart failure, edema?

Dry
Wet
Cerebral
Acute

A

Wet

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19
Q

Which beriberi occurs in infants and has sx of anorexia, vomiting, lactic acidosis?

Dry
Wet
Acute

A

Acute

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20
Q

Which B vitamin assists in redox reactions and in reactions that protect biological membranes from oxidative damage?

Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Pantothenic acid

A

Riboflavin

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21
Q

________ is a deficiency characterized by cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis, muscle weakness, and confusion.

Beriberi
Pellagra
Ariboflavanosis
Pernicious anemia

A

Ariboflavanosis (B2 deficiency)

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22
Q

A deficiency of which vitamin can cause “burning feet syndrome”?

Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Pantothenic acid

A

Pantothenic acid

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23
Q

Best options for B6 sources?

Chickpeas, fish, and chicken
Broccoli, egga, canola oil
Cheese, pineapple, pasta
Apples, wheat bread, yogurt

A

Chickpeas, fish, chicken

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24
Q

Normal rec for women of folate is _______mcg/day. Pregnancy rec is _______mcg/day.

200 … 400
400 … 600
600 … 800
400 … 1000

A

400 … 600mcg/day

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25
Q

In the enterocytes, retinal is

Esterified
Reduced to retinol
Transported into portal blood
made into beta-carotene

A

Esterified

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26
Q

How do anticoagulant drugs inhibit vitamin K activity?

Stimulate osteocalcin synthesis
Interfere with micelle formation so Vit K not absorbed
Prevents calcium from interacting with Gla residues
Inhibits formation of active form of Vit K

A

Inhibits formation of Active form of Vit K

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27
Q

Which tissues do PTH and Vit D act on to increase calcium resorption?

Bone
Kidney
Small intestine
Liver

A

Kidney

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28
Q

Maximum sodium intake for general population?

1500 mg/day
2300
3300
4400

A

2300 mg/day

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29
Q

What percentage of energy consumption should health adults aim for with lipids?

5-20%
20-35%
35-50%
50-60%

A

20-35%

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30
Q

Difference between glycemic index and glycemic load accounts for the

Timing of carb consumption
Amt of carbs in the serving
Body weight of person eating it
type of carb consumed

A

amount of carbs in the serving

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31
Q

White spots on the nails can be a sign of which deficiency?

Vit C
Mg
Zn
B6

A

Zinc

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32
Q

C-reactive protein

Is produced by kidneys
Is in common blood tests
Monitors metabolic stress
All of the above

A

monitors metabolic stress

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33
Q

A current weight (of usual body weight) of 86% is considered to be

Healthy
Mild malnutrition
Moderate malnutrition
Severe malnutrition

A

Mild malnutrition

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34
Q

Which is not a visceral blood marker?

Prealbumin
Glucose
Transferrin
Albumin

A

Glucose

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35
Q

Which is better predictor of cardiovascular death?

Total cholesterol
LDL to HDL ratio
total cholesterol to LDL ratio
total cholesterol to HDL ratio

A

total cholesterol to HDL ratio

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36
Q

Serum albumin tests

Are an early indicator of protein malnutrition
Measure parietal protein status
Are a more sensitive indicator than serum transferrin
None of these.

A

None of these

Low serum albumin concentrations among the elderly suggest a lower set point for albumin synthesis with aging; dietary protein usually is ineffective in increasing serum albumin concentrations in these individuals.

However, available data suggest that a serum albumin concentration <3.5 g/dL is indicative of malnutrition in an elderly individual.

Serum albumin concentration is reflective of body protein reserves; concentrations below 5.5 g/dL usually are suggestive of protein malnutrition, gastrointestinal inflammation, digestive incapacity, edema in extremities, severe acute liver disease, congestive heart failure, eclampsia of pregnancy, or extravascular protein loss due to renal dysfunction. Serum albumin concentrations less than 3.5 g/dL often accompany dehydration or hypothyroidism.

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37
Q

Hemoglobin is an important test that can determine all of these EXCEPT:

Anemia
Protein status
Trace mineral status
All of the above

A

All of the above

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38
Q

Nutrition diagnosis stands for

Plan, evaluate, signs and symptoms
problem, etiology, signs and symptoms
plan, related to, etiology, and signs
problem, evaluate, signs and symptoms

A

prolem, etiology, signs and symptoms

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39
Q

Cystic fibrosis patients have significant respiratory difficulties and digestive complications due to a genetic defect that results in the inability to pump which ions across the cell membrane?

Sodium
Potassium
Phosphate
Chloride

A

Chloride

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40
Q

Leucine antagonizes which nutrient?

B1
B2
B3
B6

A

B6 (excess leucine can impair the conversion of tryptophan to nicotinic acid)

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41
Q

Which phase of detoxification does the CYP450 enzyme system belong to?

Phase 1
Phase 2

A

Phase 1

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42
Q

Which organism is anaerobic and induces nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea approx 8-18 hours after ingestion?

Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Bacillus cerus
Staphylococcus aureus

A

Clostridium perfringes

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43
Q

Which is not a potentially modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis?

Anorexia nervosa
Chronically low intake of calcium and vit D
Excessive EtOH consumption
Chronically low intake of vitamins C and B6

A

Chronically low intake of Vitamins C and B6

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44
Q

End products of bacterial fermentation of malabsorbed CHOS are:

CO2, hydrogen, and pyruvate
Lactic acid, AKG, and CO2
Lactic acid, hydrogen and CH4
SCFAs, hydrogen and CO2

A

SCFAs, Hydrogen, and CO2

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45
Q

Which percentage of people over 50 are estimated to have osteoporosis?

25
35
45
55

A

55%

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46
Q

Based on USDA, less than which percent of kcal should be from saturated fat?

20
35
10
15

A

10

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47
Q

Which has been shown to relieve sx of PMS and menopause?

Aloe vera
EPO
Motherwort
Red Clover

A

EPO

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48
Q

Most common cause of CKD:

Glomerulonephritis
Diabetic neuropathy
HTN
Kidney stones

A

Diabetic neuropathy

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49
Q

Which microorganism is likely responsible for acute gastroenteritis 4-6 hours after eating custard pie?

Campylobacter jejuni
Listeria monocytogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

S. aureus
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive, round-shaped bacterium that is a member of the Firmicutes, and it is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin.

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50
Q

Which is the most common fish related toxin in the USA?

Red Tide
Pufferfish
Ciguatera
Histamine

A

Ciguatera: Ciguatera is a foodborn illness (food poisoning) caused by eating fish that is contaminated by ciguatera toxin. Ciguatera toxin is a heat-stable lipid soluble compound, produced by dinoflagellates and concentrated in fish organs, that can cause nausea, pain, cardiac, and neurological symptoms in humans when ingested

red tide” is a common term used for a harmful algal bloom. … This bloom, like many HABs, is caused by microscopic algae that produce toxins that kill fish and make shellfish dangerous to eat. The toxins may also make the surrounding air difficult to breathe.

Almost all pufferfish contain tetrodotoxin, a substance that makes them foul tasting and often lethal to fish. To humans, tetrodotoxin is deadly, up to 1,200 times more poisonous than cyanide. There is enough toxin in one pufferfish to kill 30 adult humans, and there is no known antidote.

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51
Q

Food that is high-risk for contributing to foodborne illness includes those that are:

High in protein and acidity
High in protein and water
Low in protein and acidity
Low in water and fat

A

High in protein and water

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52
Q

Which two minerals are lost in the greatest quantity in sweat?

Magnesium and calcium
Calcium and iron
Zinc and iron
Sodium and Chloride

A

Sodium and chloride

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53
Q

Of these, which is found in the highest amount in sweat (not necessarily highest overall in sweat, but out of these 4 options)?

Zinc
Copper
Calcium
Magnesium

A

Calcium

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54
Q

Acetylcholine acts to increase or decrease movement?

A

Increase

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55
Q

Zantac has significant amounts of which ?

Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium

A

Sodium

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56
Q

Which are ok egg substitutes?

Fruit puree
Tofu
Flax
Yeast
All of the above
A

All of the above

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57
Q

T2DM, FTO, ADRB3 are SNPs that relate to:

Immune suppression
CVD
Weight management
Cystic Fibrosis

A

Weight management

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58
Q

Estrogen and testosterone levels are impacted by

Molybdenum
Magnesium
Boron
Selenium

A

Boron

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59
Q

Richest sources of iron from these options?

lamb
chicken
beef
oysters

A

oysters

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60
Q

Respiratory quotient for protein…

1

  1. 5
  2. 7
  3. 8
A

0.8

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61
Q

Which is not associated with a risk of hepatotoxicity?

Comfrey
Valerian
Green tea extract
ginkgo biloba

A

Ginkgo biloba

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62
Q

For patients with CKD, serum albumin reflects

protein malnutrition
poor nutrient utilization
inflammation

A

inflammation

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63
Q

Substance P is a neurotransmitter that stimulates pain receptors in the body and

increases sensory awareness and peristalsis
relaxes the LES
decreases motility
regulates blood flow

A

increases sensory awareness and peristalsis

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64
Q

People with kidney stones related to acidity could ingest high potassium foods for what reason?

those foods reduce serum calcium
potassium competes with oxalates
those foods are highly alkaline
they shouldn’t ingest high potassium foods

A

the foods are highly alkaline

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65
Q

Amount of iron for pregnant woman?

15mg/d
18mg/d
27mg/d
34 mg/d

A

27mg/d

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66
Q

Ruling out celiac is important when assessing thyroid disease.

True or False

A

True

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67
Q

Which bacteria is the primary source of food-borne illness that includes these sx: bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and fever?

E coli
Campylobacter jejuni
Listeria
clostridium botulinum

A

c jejuni (from raw/undercooked meat, shellfish, poultry)

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68
Q

High fat foods are usually not well-tolerated in which condition?

PKU
Cystic fibrosis
IBD
histamine intolerace

A

CF

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69
Q

In GERD, ____ Lower esophageal sphincter pressure is a likely underlying cause.

Increased
Decreased

A

Decreased

70
Q

Which are higher in oxalates?

Organ meats
tomatoes, peppers, eggplants
swiss chard, collards, parsley
potatoes and carrots

A

swiss chard, collards, parsley

71
Q

A food and exercise journal is a daily requirement for adolescents who are overweight Stage 1.

True or False

A

FALSE…it’s stage 2, for obesity treatment

72
Q

EtOH consumption increases the risk of the following EXCEPT:

prostate cancer
colon cancer
breast cancer
lung cancer

A

prostate cancer

73
Q

Iron’s bioavailability is increased by

cobalt
tea
dietary sugars
dietary fibers

A

dietary sugars

74
Q

Which nutrient is not expected to be depleted due to an injury?

Mg
Ca
P
K

A

Ca

75
Q

What is the protein need for post-op patients in g/kg/day?

0.85-1.5
2-2.5
1.5-2
3-4

A

1.5-2.0 g/kg/day

76
Q

Which is likely a cause for respiratory acidosis?

emphysema
meningitis
heart failure
pregnacy

A

emphysema

77
Q

Which of these is a calcium-binding protein found in Prevagen that improves memory in those with mild memory impairment?

theanine
lactium
apoaequorin
garum armoricum

A

apoaequorin

78
Q

Which vitamin toxicity can induce blurred vision, nausea, and vertigo?

Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin K

A

Vitamin A toxicity

79
Q

How many servings of fruits/vegetables per day on a DASH diet for HTN?

1-2
3-4
5-7
8-10

A

8-10

80
Q

Carrageenan can reduce cholesterol.

true or false

A

true

81
Q

A hx of sexual or physical abuse in childhood is most closely linked to

anorexia
bulimia
both anorexia and bulimia
pica

A

Both

Conclusions: Consistent with previous findings, the present results indicate that the prevalence of CSA is high among individuals seeking inpatient treatment for AN. A history of CSA was associated with greater psychiatric disturbance overall and a higher rate of dropout for patients of the binge-purge subtype.

82
Q

Soy can be considered a therapeutic food to help with detox pathways.

True or False

A

True

83
Q

Which is not an osteoporosis major risk factor?

Using PPIs
Being overweight
Loss of menses
Being underweight

A

Being overweight

84
Q

Which is not recommended for cancer patients with altered taste or smell?

use plastic instead of metal utensils
good oral hygiene
eat cooler rather than warmer foods
Avoid marinades and spices

A

avoid marinades and spices…these are actually helpful

85
Q

Which doesn’t inhibit non-heme iron?

Tannins
Phosphates
Leucine
Dietary Fiber

A

Leucine

86
Q

Enterocytes prefer which of these for fuel?

Butyrate
Glutamine
Fiber
Acetate

A

Glutamine

87
Q

Saponins help reduce total cholesterol. They are found in all of these except which?

Tomatoes
Spinach
Cabbage
Legumes

A

Cabbage

88
Q

Patient has a pale tongue…which nutrient deficiency is likely?

Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Iron
Zinc

A

Iron

89
Q

Fissured tongues suggests which deficiency?

B3
B2
Vitamin C
Zinc

A

B2 Riboflavin,

B3 niacin can be red swollen

90
Q

Which nutrient doesn’t require an increase in daily intake during pregnancy?

Mg
Se
Vit C
Vit E

A

Vit E does not need to be increased

91
Q

Absorption of copper can be interfered with by all except

EtOH
Zn
Ca
fructose

A

calcium

92
Q

Avoid these food when on MAOIs EXCEPT…

sauerkraut
blue cheese
smoked salmon
soy sauce

A

smoked salmon

the rest contain vasopressors (dopamine, histamine, tyramine, etc)…fermented foods can react with MAOI

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They are best known as powerful anti-depressants, as well as effective therapeutic agents for panic disorder and social phobia.

93
Q

Manganese is not useful in which of these?

osteoarthritis pain
wound healing
glutamine production
metabolism of methionine

A

metabolism of methionine

94
Q

Measuring head circumference up to 2 years of age..

helps determine if microcephaly is present
helps measure growth
helps measure brain growth indirectly

A

helps measure brain growth indirectly

95
Q

Missing teeth and poor dental health is not linked to which

CVD
Pellagra
gluten sensitivity
dysglycemia

A

Pellagra

96
Q

Which botanical may soothe the stomach, enhance memory, increase circulation, but also increase bleeding risk in cancer patients?

Hawthron
Gingko biloba
Black cohosh
Ashwagandha

A

Gingko biloba

97
Q

Which diagnosis is likely for a woman with the following?

Waist circumference above 35 inches
HDL-C under 50
BP above 130/85
Fasting glucose above 100
TGs above 150
A

Metabolic syndrome

98
Q

In men, to diagnose metabolic syndrome, waist measurements and HDL-C are different than in women. How so?

A. Waist circumference in men is 40 or above
B. Waist circumference in men is 30 or above
C. HDL-C in men is 40 or less
D. HDL-C in men is 60 or less
E. both A and C
F. Both B and D

A

E. both A and C

other markers are the same as women, BP 130/85 or greater, Fasting glucose 100 or above, TGs above 150

99
Q

How many hours before competition should an athlete eat?

1-2
3-4
5-6
7-8

A

3-4

100
Q

Which is not associated with bulimia?

Muscle wasting
Diarrhea
Edema
Salivary gland enlargement

A

Muscle wasting (This is associated with anorexia)

101
Q

Which stage is when the client is aware of the problem but ambivalent?

Contemplation
Precontemplation
Preparation
Maintenance

A

Contemplation

102
Q

How does nitric oxide affect the GI system?

Relaxes LES
Regulates blood flow, maintains muscle tone and gastric motor activity
Decreases motility and inhibits secretions
Increases sensory awareness and peristalsis

A

Regulates blood flow, maintains muscle tone, and gastric motor activity

103
Q

TPP, or thiamin pyrophosphate, is the active form of Thiamin and also known as:

Thiamin Triphosphate
Thiamin monophosphate
Thiamin Diphosphate

A

Thiamin Diphosphate

104
Q

Patients who undergo intestinal resections are at greater risk for oxalate related kidney stones.

True or False

A

True

105
Q

Supertasting is a genetic condition.

True or False

A

True

106
Q

Raw fruits are typically ok on a Level 3 dysphagia diet.

True or False

A

False

107
Q

Which is not at greater risk for Vitamin A toxicity?

Smokers
Those exposed to asbestos
infants
pregnant women

A

infants

108
Q

To be labeled low-fat, the product must contain which?

3g of fat or less per serving
5g of fat or less per serving
10g of fat or less
15g or less

A

3g of fat or less per serving

109
Q

Reheat poultry to

145
155
165
175

A

165

110
Q

Resting Energy Expenditure + thermic effect of activity =

Basic Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)
Energy requirements of growth (ERG)

A

TEE

111
Q

Thirst is the best indicator for dehydration

True or False

A

False. already dehydrated by the time thirsty

112
Q

Which is a cholagogue?

Dandelion
Marshmallow root
Lemon balm

A

Dandelion

cholagogue is a medicinal agent which promotes the discharge of bile from the system, purging it downward.

113
Q

Maximum time breastmilk can be at room temp?

2 hours
4
6
8

A

6-8 per Brown text

114
Q

Selenium RDA for both men and women, in mcg/day

40
55
65
75

A

55

115
Q

Of the following, which is most likely a cause of hyperthyroidism?

poor conversion of t3-t4
hypothalamic dysfunction
increased thyroid-binding proteins
tissue resistance to t3

A

increased thyroid-binding proteins

116
Q

Which is NOT a neurotoxin or excitotoxin?

carrageenan
yeast extract
smoke extract
cochineal extract

A

cochineal extract

117
Q

A deficiency of which is related to poor sperm quality and lower testosterone?

Vitamin A
K
E
D

A

Vitamin D

118
Q

Supplementation with which might be beneficial in those with sickle cell anemia?

Mg
Co
Zn
Ca

A

Zn (it can increase the affinity for oxygen)

119
Q

Some antacids contain which mineral that can disrupt absorption of certain nutrients (like B2 and folate) due to the increase in intestinal pH it causes?

Potassium
Mg
Iron
Sodium

A

Mg

120
Q

Egg dishes should be cooked to which temperature?

140
150
160
170

A

150

121
Q

Keshan’s disease is associated with which deficiency?

Magnesium
Copper
Selenium
Calcium

A

Selenium

122
Q

Supplementation with antioxidants is an important recommendation with cancer patients.

True or False

A

FALSE … they discourage antiox use during cancer therapies

123
Q

Which deficiency does not exacerbate iodine deficiency?

Vit A
Selenium
Iron
Copper

A

Copper

124
Q

Which of these is found in apples, seafood, cereals, rice, spinach, grape juice?

Arsenic
Selenium
Nickel
Zinc

A

Arsenic

125
Q

Which pH range promotes uric acid stone formation?

above 7

  1. 6-7
  2. 5 or below
A

5.5 or below

126
Q

Clams and mussels should be cooked until which?

140
150
160
until shells open during cooking

A

until shells open during cooking

127
Q

For kids, less than 5th percentile for weight is

Overweight
Underweight
Obese
Normal

A

Underweight

128
Q

For kids, the 85-95th percentiles are

Overweight
Underweight
Obese
Normal

A

Overweight

129
Q

For kids, 95th percentile or above is

Overweight
Underweight
Obese
Normal

A

Obese

130
Q

Serotonin is released in the

CNS
Autonomic System
GI tract and spinal cord
sympathetic nerves

A

GI tract and spinal cord

131
Q

What is marked by the 4 D’s: dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and sometimes death?

Pellagra
Wernicke’s
Ariboflavanosis
Scurvy

A

Pellegra

132
Q

Pyruvate produces which organic acid

Acetate
Lactate
Oxalate
Butyrate

A

Acetate (which joins with CoA to make acetyl-CoA for krebs)

133
Q

Which is a response to injury?

Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia

A

Hyper

134
Q

During the first trimester, what happens to caloric needs for women?

They increase
They Decrease
Stay the same

A

stay the same

135
Q

Which is not a sign of Selenium toxicity?

Skin rashes
Brittle hair/nails
garlic breath
bleeding gums

A

bleeding gums

136
Q

Are gallstones a typical complication of ulcerative colitis?

Yes or No

A

NO

137
Q

Which mineral is found in almonds, pecans, lima beans, pinto beans, oats, brown rice, green leafy vegetables, pineapple, acai, and dark chocolate?

Ca
Fe
Mg
Mn

A

Mn

138
Q

Accurate way to assess iron status in renal failure?

Serum ferritin
Transferrin saturation
Both

A

Both

139
Q

Which increases copper excretion in urine and can be used to treat Wilson’s disease when Copper is in excess?

Se
Mo
Zn
Fe

A

Mo

140
Q

Vitamin D requirement INCREASE during pregnancy.

True or False

A

False

141
Q

Which type of diarrhea is common with Crohn’s?

Secretory diarrhea
Exudative diarrhea
Bacterial diarrhea
Limited mucosal contact diarrhea

A

Limited mucosal contact diarrhea due to limited mixing of chyme in intestinal epithelium

142
Q

Which food contains flavoproteins, catalse, and livetin?

Grains
Eggs
Meats

A

Eggs

143
Q

Normal blood pH

  1. 25-7.35
  2. 35-7.45
  3. 45-7.55
  4. 55-7.65
A

7.35-7.45

144
Q

Who is most at risk for osteomalacia?

Post menopausal women
Children
Elderly
Athletes

A

Children

Osteomalacia is a disease characterized by the softening of the bones caused by impaired bone metabolism primarily due to inadequate levels of available phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D, or because of resorption of calcium

145
Q

Colostrum’s Vitamin A content is _____ that of mature milk.

Less than
The same as
2 times
3 times

A

2 times the concentration

146
Q

Which calming herb is generally regarded as safe during pregnancy?

Chamomile
Lavender
Hops
Valerian

A

Lavender.

the others are not appropriate during pregnancy

147
Q

Protein requirement for 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnancy in g/kg/day?

0.8
0.9
1
1.10

A

1.10 g/kg/d

148
Q

Protein requirement for 1st trimester pregnancy in g/kg/day?

0.8
0.9
1
1.10

A

0.8

149
Q

Legumes create which for renal load?

Alkalinity
Acidity

A

Alkalinity

150
Q

Starvation includes all but 1 of these metabolic responses, which does it not include?

Increased glycogenolysis
increased ketone body production
Increased ureagenesis
decreased gluconeogenesis

A

increased ureagenesis

In starvation, ureagenesis is DECREASED
Formation of urea, usually referring to the metabolism of amino acids to urea.

151
Q

Preferred fuel source for COLONOCYTES?

Glutamine
Butyrate
Arginine
Fiber

A

Butyrate

COLONOCYTES An epithelial cell of the colon.

152
Q

Which should not be supplemented during end stage renal disease? (3 answers)

Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
 Vitamin E
A

A, E, and K

153
Q

What would labs look like with a patient who has anemia of chronic disease?

Ferritin - normal, low or high
Serum iron - low or high
TIBC - low or high

A

Ferritin = normal or high
Serum iron = low
TIBC = low

154
Q

Which mineral has an inverse relationship to C-reactive protein levels?

Ca
Mg
Zn
Cu

A

Mg – anti-inflammatory

155
Q

Which food type is the most prevalent in the macrobiotic diet?

Vegetables
Seafood
Whole grains
Plant protein

A

Whole grains

156
Q

You should pour oils directly into the pan from the container.

True or false

A

False. The steam or heat from the pan could damage the oils in the container.

157
Q

How long can you keep a turkey in the freezer?

3 months
6
9
12

A

12 months

158
Q

Which test is not useful for PCOS investigation?

Iron
Leptin
Testosterone
Fasting Glucose

A

Iron

159
Q

Hot-dogs and deli meat need to be cooked to an internal temp of what for those in at-risk populations?

145
155
165
175

A

165

160
Q

Which is low FODMAP?

Coconut
Brazil nuts
almonds
cashews

A

Brazil nuts

161
Q

Diuretic use can lead to Metabolic

Acidosis
Alkalosis

A

Alkalosis .. due to increasing urinary acid excretion

162
Q

Which is likely associated with raw milk?

E coli
C jejuni
C botulinum
Norovirus

A

C jejuni

163
Q

Allostasis does not occur through which of these?

Somatic nervous system
Cytokines
HPA-axis hormones
Autonomic nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system….it affects peripheral voluntary control of skeletal muscles

Allostasis: the process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis.

164
Q

All of these are intestinal gases except which?

N2
H2
CH4
SO2

A

SO2

165
Q

Which substance, when given IV, does not push potassium into cells?

Insulin
Glucose
Bicarbonate
Calcium

A

Calcium

166
Q

Respiratory quotient for fat is

  1. 7
  2. 8
  3. 9
  4. 0
A

0.7

167
Q

The hypothalamus produces which appetite stimulant and glucose regulator (it’s a neurotransmitter)?

CRF
Ghrelin
Dopamine
Orexin (hypocretin)

A

Orexin (hypocretin) regulates arousal, wakefulness, glucose, and appetite

168
Q

Concurrent ingestion of which reduces bioavailability of iron?

Dietary amino acids
Dietary sugars
Manganese
Vitamin C

A

Manganese

169
Q

Taking a calcium supplement with a meal will affect urinary calcium, urinary citrate, and urinary oxalate how?

Increase or decrease urinary Ca
Increase or decrease Urinary citrate
Increase or decrease Urinary oxalate

A

Increase Urinary Ca
Increase urinary citrate
Decrease oxalate

170
Q

What is the protein requirement for renal failure when NOT undergoing dialysis?

0.25-.0.5 g/kg/d
0.5-0.8 g/kg/d
0.75-.0.95 g/kg/d
1-2 g/kg/d

A

0.5-0.8 g/kg/d

Protein requirements are LESS for non-dialysis patients

Prior to initiation of hemodialysis, restriction of dietary protein intake to 0.6 g protein/kg daily may delay the need for dialysis. Replacement of some protein with alpha- keto- analogues of essential amino acids may aid the preservation of body nitrogen stores when low total protein intakes are necessary. Individuals receiving hemodialysis should receive 1.1 to 1.3 g protein/kg daily. At least 50% of this protein should be of high biological value.

171
Q

Hypophosphatemia can be caused by excess PTH

True or False

A

True

Hypophosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a low level of phosphate in the blood. Symptoms may include weakness, trouble breathing, and loss of appetite. Complications may include seizures, coma, rhabdomyolysis, or softening of the bones

172
Q

Which is a brush border enzymes?

Lactase
Protease
HCL
Amylase

A

Lactase

brush border enzymes (such as sucrase, lactase and maltase)

BCNS Board Exam (13 decks)

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