Food Sources Flashcards
The following are sources of which vitamin?
Beef/goose/veal/turkey LIVER Chicken/lamb LIVER Sweet Potato Canned Pumpkin Squash Carrots Cantaloupe Cooked spinach Cooked Kalet Cod Liver Oil
Vitamin A top food sources are mostly animal origin….beta carotenes are plant.
RDA for men of Vit A is ________ and for women is_______.
3000 IU (900 mcg RaE) and 2310 IU (700mcg RAE)
primer
625 ug for men
500 ug for women
Vit A and carotenoids are absorbed in which part of the intestinal tract? (2 answers)
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon
Duodenum and jejunum
What competes with Vit A absorption? (2)
Fat and high doses of Vitamin E
These are signs of which deficiency?
night blindness Poor dark adaptation Xerophthalma Bitot's spots Hyperkeratosis
vit A
TUL for Vit A
3000 mcg o 10,000 IU
Toxicity of which vitamin has the following s/s?
Nausea, vomiting double/blurred vision increased intracranial pressure headache dizziness skin desquamation Muscle incoordination
Vitamin A
How does vitamin A need change with regard to pregnancy and lactation?
Decreases
Increases
Stays the same
Increases for lactation, but not for pregnancy
Increases for both, but more so for lactation. Pregnancy 750-770 mcg while Lactation is 1200-1300mcg
Vit ___ is involved in what process or functions? (6)
growth, reproduction cell differentiation vision immune function bone health antioxidants
Vit A
These are sources of which vitamin?
Cod Liver Oil Salmon Mackerel Herring Sardines tuna Beef liver Fortified dairy and juices Eggs Shitake mushrooms
Vit D
Vit D is absorbed in which part of small intestine? (2)
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon
Duodenum and Ileum….MAJORITY is absorbed in ileum though
Vit D RDA for adults is _____ up to age 70. From 71 up, it is_______.
600 IU
800 IU for 71 and above
Does Vitamin D have higher requirements during pregnancy and lactation?
No
1 IU of vitamin D = ______ mcg Vit D
1
- 5
- 25
- 025
0.025mcg
TUL for Vit D from 9 yrs and up?
4000IU (100mcg)
Vit D is excreted in the
urine
Sweat
Feces
Feces
Vitamin A is excreted
Urine
Feces
Urine and Feces
Sweat and Urine
Urine and Feces
Sources of vitamin ______ include?
Wheat germ Sunflower oil Safflower oil Canola oil Almonds Peanuts Hazelnuts Cooked spinach Broccoli Fortified cereals Fatty animal products contain it, but are inferior source
Vitamin E
Vit E is primarily absorbed in the
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Jejunum
Vit E is excreted in the
Urine
Feces
Urine and Feces
Sweat
Urine and Feces
Deficiency of Vit E is rare. Signs of deficiency:
myopathy, weakness, hemolytic anemia, degenerative neuro problems
RDA for Vit E is ____ for adults.
15mg
Does the RDA for Vit E change for pregnancy or lactation? If so, how?
Not for pregnancy, but it increases to 19mg for lactation
1mg of alpha tocopherol = ____ IU from natural sources and _____ IU from synthetic.
- 49 IU natural
2. 22 IU synthetic
TUL for Vit E is
1000mg
Signs of toxicity for which vitamin?
GI disturbances, increased risk for bleeding, muscle weakness, fatigue, double vision
Vitamin E
Food sources of vitamin ______ include:
Kale Swiss Chard Turnips Broccoli Watercress greens Collards Spinach
K1
Sources for K2
Synthesized by intestinal bacteria
Liver
Fermented cheese
K1 is absorbed in
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Jejunum
K2 is absorbed in
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon
Ileum and colon
What interferes with Vit K absorption?
Vitamins A and E
K1 and K2 are excreted
Primarily in feces, but some in urine
Adults RDA vit k
120mcg for men
90mcg for women
How does pregnancy/lactation affect Vit K needs?
Neither does…no change needed
TUL for Vit K
None, unless it’s the synthetic option which can cause hemolytic anemia and liver damage
Signs of Vit K deficiency?
Bleeding
Which B vitamins are involved in energy releasing?
B1 B2 B3 B5 B6 B7 Folate B12
B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7
Which B vitamins are involved in hematopoiesis? (4)
B1 B2 B3 B5 B6 B7 Folate B12
Folate, B12, B6, B5
the formation and development of blood cells. In the embryo and fetus it takes place in a variety of sites including the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow; from birth throughout the rest of life it is mainly in the bone marrow with a small amount occurring in lymph nodes.
Sources of
Kiwi Red Pepper Strawberries Papaya Oranges Orange Juice Cantaloupe Cauliflower Broccoli Brussel Sprouts
Vitamin C
Vitamin C absorbs
Stomach
Throughout small intestine
Only in duodenum
Colon
Throughout the small intestine
Vitamin C is excreted in the
urine
Vitamin C deficiency is the 4 H’s involved with scurvy. What are they?
Hemorrhagic signs
Hyperkeratosis of hair follicles
Hypochondriasis (psychological manifestations)
Hematologic abnormalities (associated with impaired collagen synth and iron absorption)
TUL of Vit C is
2 grams
2000 mg
Toxicity of Vit C has 1 major impact…which is?
Abd pain and/or osmotic diarrhea
osmotic diarrhea occurs when too many solutes — the components of the food you eat — stay in your intestine and water can’t be absorbed properly. This excess water causes your bowel movements to be loose or more liquid than solid
Sources of which B-vitamin?
Pork Black beans Beef and beef liver Trout Whole grains Salmon
Thiamin
Thiamin is primarily absorbed in the (2)
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon
Jejunum and Ileum
Thiamin is excreted in the
urine
RDA for Thiamin is ______ for men and _______ for women.
Pregnancy and lactation?
- 5 mg
- 1
- 2
- 3
1.2mg and 1.1mg
preg/lac: 1.4
according to primer
- 0 men
- 9 women
- 2 preg and lac
Does thiamin need increase during pregnancy and lactation?
Yes , Increases to 1.4mg daily for both (some say 1.5 for lactation)
TUL for Thiamin
None
Sources for which B-Vitamin?
Liver Milk and Milk products Eggs Almonds Meat Legumes Spinach
B2
Riboflavin is absorbed in the _____ small intestine and excreted primarily in the _____
Proximal
Urine
Riboflavin RDA for men and women is
- 5 mg
- 1
- 2
- 3
1.3 mg for men and 1.1 mg for women
Does Riboflavin need during pregnancy and lactation?
YES….Increases to 1.4mg and 1.6mg
Signs of Deficiency of which vitamin?
cheilosis, glossitis, hyperemia,edema of oral mucous membranes, stomatitis, photophobia, severe deficiency may diminish synthesis of coenzyme form of Vit B6 and synthesis of niacin from tryptophan, DNA damage
B2
TUL for B2?
None
Sources for which B-vitamin?
Beef liver Veal Turkey Chicken Tuna Salmon Pork Enriched foods/cereals Spaghetti Lentils
B3
Niacin is absorbed where?
Stomach and small intestine
Niacin is excreted in the
urine
RDAs for men and women of niacin?
10mg
12mg
14mg
16mg
men = 16mg women = 14mg
Does Niacin males, females, preg, lactation
16mg
14mg
17mg
18mg
YES
pregnancy = 18mg
Lactation = 17mg
adult males is 16 milligrams (mg) a day and for adult women who aren’t pregnant, 14 mg a day
TUL for Niacin
35mg
Toxicity signs for which B vitamin?
over 1 gram a day, can see flushing, GI issues, liver injury, hyperuricemia, and hyperglycemia
b3
Sources for which B-vitamin?
Beef liver Meats Egg yolk Fish Sunflower Seed Yogurt Mushrooms Broccoli Avocados
b5
Primary site of absorption for B5
Jejunum
B5 is excreted predominantly in
Urine
Adequate Intake amount for B5, adults
3mg
3mcg
5mg
5mcg
men = 5mg women = 5mg
Does AI for B5 increase during pregnancy and lactation? 6mg 6mcg 7mg 7mcg
YES
Preg = 6mg
Lactation = 7mg
Sx of B5 deficiency?
RARE, but “burning feet syndrome”, tingling hands/feet, vomiting, fatigue, irritability
TUL for B5 and toxicity symptoms?
None, but with HIGH doses, potential for GI distress
Sources for which b-vitamin?
Liver Egg Salmon Avocado Pork Yeast Sunflower Seeds Sweet potato
Biotin
Biotin site of absorption is
Duodenum Jejunum proximal small intestine the proximal and midtransverse colon Ileum Colon midtransverse colon
proximal small intestine
The most proximal portion of the small intestine is the duodenum
Biotin produced by gut bacteria is absorbed in
Duodenum Jejunum proximal small intestine the proximal and midtransverse colon Ileum Colon midtransverse colon
the proximal and midtransverse colon
Dietary biotin is excreted primarily in the
urine
AI for Biotin is
30 mg
30 mcg
35 mg
35 mcg
30 mcg for adults