primates & behaviour

Question 1

haplorrhini

Answer 1

tarsiiformes
simiiformes

Question 2

simiiformes

Answer 2

larger body and brain
reduced reliance on smell, greater on vision
bony plate at back of eye socket
can’t synthesize vitamin C
mostly diurnal

Question 3

parvorders of haplorrhini?

Answer 3

platyrrhini
catarrhini

Question 4

platyrrhini

Question 5

catarrhini

Question 6

sea monkey hypothesis

Question 7

sexual dimorphism

Answer 7

when the male or female is bigger

Question 8

catarrhini superfamilies

Answer 8

cercopithecoidea
hominoidea

Question 9

hominoidea apes

Answer 9

no tail, more complex brain and behaviour, increased period of infant dependency

Question 10

the only venomous primate

Answer 10

slow loris

Question 11

which primates use long calls/loud vocalization to delineate territory

Answer 11

gibbons and howler monkeys

Question 12

which species is threatened by palm oil

Answer 12

orangutans

Question 13

a behaviour can be considered a phenotype if

Answer 13

it’s adavantageous

Question 14

behavioural ecology

Question 15

male philopatry

Answer 15

males stay in natal group, female leaves. males less competitive

Question 16

female philopatry

Answer 16

females stay in natal group, male leaves. females less compepetitive, shared parenting

Question 17

physiscal contact

Answer 17

reinces bonds (ocytocin) and peaceful relationships. promotes group cohesion

Question 18

affiliative behaviors

Answer 18

behaviour or actions taken during time of stress to diffuse the tension and faciltate reconciliation

Question 19

benefits to forming social bonds

Answer 19

improve reproductive fitness
finding food
avoiding predators

Question 20

reciprocal altruism

Question 21

how behaviours are learnt

Answer 21

parental investment
passive observation
social structure (can get kicked out)
play/risk taking

Question 22

infanticide

Answer 22

by males - brings females into estrus sooner
by mother - make a more favourable sex ratio

Question 23

reproductive asymmetry

Answer 23

males can have more potential offspring than females

Question 24

patriarchy societies

Answer 24

least stable structure
regular access to females
high reproductive rates
higher rates of infanticide

Question 25

matriarchy societies

Answer 25

most stable structure
females select partners, little male competition
higher rates of indiscriminate sex?
more surviving offspring
alopatic parenting

Question 26

polyandry (male harem)

Answer 26

one female with multiple males
males help to look after offspring - they dont know who is the father, so all invest

Question 27

polygyny (female harem)

Answer 27

one male with multiple females; multi-male with many females

Question 28

orangutan males reproductive strategy

Question 29

bonobos