primates Flashcards
t/f: Bonobos are more aggressive than chimps
false
t/f: male primates can become aggressive towards females if there is not adequate space in their enclosure
true
t/f: dominant animals will groom the submissive group members
false
t/f: most primates do not respond well to restraint so you should have the less is more approach
true
t/f: obesity is a more common problem in non human primates than inadequate nutritional intake
true
t/f: primates are able to get the same dental diseases and problems as humans
true
t/f: primates are prone to getting rheumatoid arthritis
true
____ primates are considered to be the primitive primates
prosimii
the _____ are small to medium sized primates that have a squirrel like appearance
prosimii
new world primates are found in ___ and ____, where old world primates are found in ____ and ____
south and central America ; Asia and Africa
___ have tails, ___ do not
monkeys ; Apes
____ have a higher intelligence level and a larger brain to body size ratio
apes
great apes are rarely used in biomedical research, but when they are it is typically
chimpanzees
primates only account for less than _____ of all animals used in the US
0.025%
the _____ established in 1974 as an effort to control the use of non human primates in research facilities
Interagency Primate Steering Committee
importing non human primates is strictly prohibited except for ____,____ and _____ uses
scientific, educational, exhibition
the AWA requires research facilities to develop and implement plans to promote the ____ well being of non human primates in their care
psychological
non human primates have a dietary requirement of vitamin ___
c
fruits and vegetables should not compose more than ___% of the primate diet
25
non human primates are ___ times stronger than humans of the same weight
4-10
where are SQ injections given to primates
loose skin on the neck
which veins are used for IV injections
cephalic or saphenous
___ is given IM just prior to anesthetic procedures to reduce salivation.
atropine
ketamine is often used during anesthetic procedures in non human primates. if more muscle relaxation is needed it can be mixed with ____,____ and _____
diazepam ; acepromazine ; xylazine
injectable anesthetics should not be the only source of anesthesia for procedures lasting longer than ____ minutes. the only exception to this is ____
30-45 ; propofol
____ and ____ can be given to primates with mild pain. injectable analgesics, such as ___ and ____ can be given for moderate pain
acetaminophen or aspirin ; butorphanol or morphine
animals that have sutures should be housed ___ to prevent premature suture removal. what can cause this premature suture removal
alone ; normal grooming behavior
the two most concerning zoonotic diseases primates can carry are
tuberculosis and Hepatitis B
animals infected with pseudo tuberculosis can develop lesions on the ___ and ___
liver and lungs
the most significant respiratory disease of non human primates is tuberculosis. the most common causative agent is _____. all primates can carry this disease, but ___ carry it most commonly. it can take up to ___ for obvious signs of disease to be present. non human primates that test positive are typically _____
mycobacterium tuberculosis ; OWP ; 1 year ; euthanized
tuberculosis testing on primates is typically done on the ___ so the animal does not need to be captured to read the results
upper eyelid
_____ monkeys and _____ are the natural hosts for herpes B virus and human caretakers should always assume these animals are actively shedding the virus and infected animals can be ___. this disease mils in the natural hosts, but is often fatal in humans as it can cause _____
rhesus ; cynomolgus macaques ; asymptomatic ; encephalomyelitis
there is a vaccine available for hepatitis types
a and b
measles is caused by a ____ known as
human paramyxovirus ; rubeola
the three most common poxviruses that can infect non human primates are
monkey pox, small pox, and tanapox
vaccine available for monkey pox
the ___ is the vector for malaria
mosquito
the causative agent for toxoplasmosis is ___ it is spread through the oral __ route
toxoplasma gondii ; fecal
___ can be a common problem in NHP that have a diet lacking in iodine. signs of ___ can be seen in offspring if iodine deficient females
goiters ; hypothroidism
___ and ___ can occur in primates that do not have adequate amounts of vitamin D
osteomalacia ; rickets
scurvy can occur in primates that do not have adequate
vitamin C
what are the 5 taxonomic families of simians
the lesser apes, the great apes, humans, NWP, OWP
list two examples of prosimian primates
lemurs and tree shrews
what are the two lesser apes
gibbons and siamangs
what are the 4 types of great apes
gorillas, bonobos, orangutangs, chimpanzees
what are the 5 characteristic for NWP
lack cheek pouches, flat nose w/ broad spectrum, forward facing nostrils, prehensile tail, lack ischial callosities
what are the 5 characteristics for the OWP
cheek pouches, raised nose w/ narrow internasal septum, downward facing nostrils, non prehensile tail, thick ischial callosities
what are ischial callosities
padding on the buttocks
what are the NWP that can be used in biomedical research
squirrel monkey, marmosets, owl monkey, spider monkey, capuchins
general quarantine guidelines
60 day quar ; detailed exams, TB test, fecal exam, rads, total of 5 negative TB results
what are the 5 breeding systems used
timed mating, paired mating, harem mating, free range mating, AI
what is allogrooming
the act of grooming others
how can oral medication be given to non human primates
hidden in fruit or treats / can be trained to take it
what are the 4 locations we can collect blood samples from
femoral vein, femoral artery (anesthetized), cephalic, saphenous
5 types of hepatitis
hep A ( most common to infect - fecal / oral route)
hep B (major concern - aerosol or contact with bodily fluids)
Hep CDE - not major concern
what are the most common clinical signs for mycotic disease in NHP
ulcers or white raised plaques on the tongue or in mouth. lesions can also occur in the skin folds
