Avian A&P Flashcards
birds do not have a diaphragm (t/f)
true
birds have an incomplete trachea (t/f)
false
birds are colorblind (t/f)
false
what type of feather covers the body and the wings and can be identified as either flight or body feathers
contour
what bone is not pneumatized
patella
what type of feather is soft, fluffy and has the purpose of providing insulation
down feathers
what is the external opening through what droppings pass
vent
the uyropygial gland is also called the ____ gland
preen
another name for the sternum is the
keel
the ___ is the largest muscle birds have
pectoralis
what does the integument of birds include
skin, beak, claws, and feathers
define zygodactyl
the 2nd and 3rd digits point anteriorly while digit 1 and 4 are positioned posteriorly
define anisodactyl
the 1st digit point posteriorly while digit 2-4 are pointing anteriorly
5 types of feathers
contour, semiplume, down, filoplume, bristle
what are pneumatic bones (name a few)
hollow bones linked to air sacs / respiratory system ; skull, vertebrae, pelvis
what are the pectoral muscles used to assess
body condition
what is the function of the coprodeum
receives feces from the rectum
what are the three components of normal bird droppings
liquid urine, cream urates, feces
what makes up the white portion of bird droppings
urates
what is the major excretion product in birds
urates
which side of the female reproductive tract develops fully
the left side
how long is the process from ovulation to egg laying
15 hours
where does egg production take place
oviduct ; egg white and shell
the bird heart is ____ times larger than that of mammals
1 1/2
heart rates range from ____ bpm in large parrots and up to ____ bpm in very small spp
250-350 / 1400
the control centers in the brain for ____ and ____ are larger than those for _____,______, and ______
vision / hearing ; taste, touch, smell
what is the pectin oculi
highly vascular, ribbonlike structure that provides environmental stabilization of the fluid within the eye
how are birds able to have voluntary control over the size of their pupils
iris contains striated muscles
what diagnostic indicator is not useful in birds due to their voluntary control over their pupil size
PLR pupillary light response
what does the external auditory canal do
funnels sound to the middle ear and tympanic membrane
what is the columella
a single bone in the middle ear that connects to the inner ear
within the inner ear is the labyrinth. what are its 2 functions
maintain balance and equilibrium / converts sound into nerve impulses
what is feather destructive behavior also called
self mutilation / feather picking / plucking
why do they wag their tail
happy and relaxed
grinding of the beak
comfy and ready to fall asleep
reguritate food
some do this for those they are closely bonded too
chewing
“beaking” phase, will not outgrow
biting
exhibit dominance, express fear, jealousy
vocalization
communication, entertainment, exercise, response to discomfort / restraint
