Prevention of suicide Flashcards
What is the definition of suicide?
The act of deliberately killing oneself.
What is the definition of suicide attempt?
any non-fatal suicidal behaviour.
This includes:
* intentional self-inflicted poisoning, injury, or self harm, which may or may not have fatal intent or outcome.
What is the definition of suicidal behaviour?
A range of behaviours that include thinking about suicide (or ideation), planning for suicide, attempting suicide, and suicide itself.
What causes the (unexpected) differences between suicide numbers.
- Differences in registration.
- Not all countries provide good data - Not all countries have a statistical bureau that gathers this data.
- In LMIC there is a greater chance of dying other ways
- Suicide is often illegal in LMIC
- HIC have better registration.
Why is preventing suicide attempts important?
- It has a social and an economic burden
- It has an impact on the person themselves and on their associates
- It has an impact on the health services they utilize.
- It the best predictor of future suicidal behaviour - they’re a high risk group
How do data collection methods assist with preventing suicide attempts?
Data collection methods
- medical records
- self reports in surveys of community residents (in NL is Nemesis)
Combined with suicidal deaths, it helps estimate the case fatality rate of suicidal behaviour.
Monitoring helps prevention strategies.
What are methodological challenges in the registration of suicide attempts?
Methodological
- different survey instruments
- different sample
- different language
- literacy of sample
- time frame
- stigma
- Fluctuations of suicidal behaviour over time (over time people are milder about their past behaviour)
What is the relation between depression and suicide
Depression is a common disorder within people who attempt or die by suicide. However, it is not a prerequisite.
More people with suicide (attempts) have depression, than people with depression who attempt or die by suicide.
What are possible prevention methods when talking about universal prevention?
- awareness campaigns
* media richtlijnen
What are possible prevention methods when talking about selective prevention?
- programs in specific locations like schools and prisons
- training of gatekeepers / GPs
- Anonymous chat or phone services
- Online interventions
What are possible prevention methods when talking about indicated prevention?
- Richtlijnen
- Screening
- Pharmacological treatment
- psychological treatment
What are risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviour?
- treatment history
- family history
- general psychopathology
- Prior STBs
- social factors
- physical illness
- externalizing
- demographics
- internalizing
- psychosis
- biological factors
Explain about treatments for suicide and their effects.
- There are no interventions that give great effects
- There is no knowledge about what treatment works best in which situation
- Many interventions give small effects, at risk patients can get one or more of these interventions
Name examples of interventions to prevent suicide (behaviour)
- training primary care physicians in depression recognition and treatment
- educating youths/psychiatric patients on depression and suicidal behaviour
- antidepressents
- CBT
- dialectical behaviour therapy
- Screening for suicidal ideation/behaviour and depression
What steps are taken to develop an intervention when using the public health model?
- Surveillance: what is the problem?
- identify risk and protective factors: causes and what can buffer their impact?
- develop and evaluate interventions: what works for whom
- Implementation: scaling up, effective policies and programs.
