Prevention in children and adolescents Flashcards
What are developmental issues / developmental psychopathology?
The complex theoretical framework and extant research that suggest we can identify particular groups of children and families who are at risk to develop problems, and then intervene in children’s lives before problems become serious, debilitating, diagnosable, and resistant to treatment.
What does subthreshold of a disorder mean?
It’s the step below the part where a disease gets diagnosed. Someone can have depressive symptoms, but not enough to get diagnosed by the DSM.
What is physiological homeostasis?
A balanced physiological state.
You have to already learned this during infancy.
Name 7 important developmental tasks in a child’s life.
- Physiological homeostasis
- differentiation and regulation of affects
- Attachment development
- Development of self, self esteem, identity
- representational capacities
- Effective relationships with peers
- Adjustment to school
What is the attachment theory?
The attachment theory is about a range of potentially healthy pathways, however, due to live events, someone’s pathway can divert from the healthy pathway, or get closer to it.
It is shown in a [grafiek], where the Y-axis is a child’s age and the X-axis is for instance anxious attachment and reactive depression, or assertive self reliant and adolescent delinquency.
The diathesis stress model, explain what it means including the several factors and triggers.
Diathesis + stress = mental health problems
Diathesis: vulnerability
- biological factor - genes, disordered biochemistry, chronic stress)
- social factor - maladaptive upbringing, chronic stress)
- Psychological factor - unconscious conflicts, poor skill, maladaptive cognitions)
Stress: trigger
- Biological trigger - onset of disease, exposure to toxins
- Social trigger - traumatic event, major loss
- Psychological trigger - perceived loss of control, violation of trust
What are risk factors for mental health problems in children?
- psychopathology in one or more family members
- Strict and inconsistent disciplining
- Parents low in warmth and involvement
- Insecure attachment relationships
- conflicts with siblings, peers
- marital conflicts between parents
- single parent family.
- Unsafe neighbourhood
- Low SES
- quality of relationships
- safety of environment
What are targets for prevention in children and adolescents?
- School
- Families
- Individual children/adolescents and peer groups
Name three focus points of relational prevention programs for families.
- You want to have them focused at the quality of parenting behaviours.
- For families of children who are at risk for developmental delays.
- child maltreatment; physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect.
By what should preventive interventions for children and adolescents be guided?
- An emphasis on promoting competence
* reducing ineffective resolution of the stage-salient developmental tasks at different periods of development.
Why are teenage mothers at high risk of mental health problems and why are they more likely to place their infants at risk out of ignorance instead of malicious intent?
They are still developing themselves, they’re still young.
What are risk factors for maltreatment by parents?
- Low SES
- Unemployment
- ethnic minority
- large family
- single parent.
What are forms of preventive interventions for families?
- E-mental health
- unstructured home visits
- Psycho-education
- video feedback
- meeting with parents
What are prevention methods to better the quality of parenting behaviour?
- Increased physical contact via soft baby carriers
- video feedback to promote positive parenting
- STEEP/instapje
What are methods to prevent maltreatment?
- attachment and biobehavioural catch-up - provide nurturing care when child is distressed, follow child’s lead if not distressed, don’t let them behave in frightening ways.
- Child parent psychotherapy
- Parent child interaction therapy
