Prevention of eating disorders Flashcards
What are the DSM-5 criteria for anorexia nervosa?
- Underweight
- Intense fear of gaining weight
- Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced.
What are the two anorexia nervosa subtypes?
- Restrictive subtype
* Binge/purging subtype
What are the DSM-5 criteria for bulimia nervosa?
- Objective binge eating episodes
- Inadequate compensatory behaviours
- self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
What are the DSM-5 criteria for binge eating disorder?
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating
- Marked distress regarding binge eating is present
- No inadequate compensatory behaviours.
- At least three of the following
- eating much more rapidly than normal
- eating until feeling uncomfortably full
- eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry
- Eating alone because of embarrassment
- Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating.
Name four types of eating disorders, start with the most prevalent.
- Other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED)
- Binge eating disorder
- Bulimia nervosa
- anorexia nervosa.
(these diagnoses are not static and one person can shift between disorders in their life)
What are risk factors of eating disorders in general? And for anorexia, bulimia, and BED?
- Female
- Dieting / weight concerns
- Body dissatisfaction
- Psychiatric comorbidity / negative affectivity
- Negative self-evaluation
- Neuroticism
Anorexia:
- Female, diet
- perfectionism
- OCD/OCPD
Bulimia:
Female, diet, psychiatric comorbidity, negative self evaluation
BED:
- Psychiatric comorbidity
- stressful life events
- critical comments about weight and shape
- childhood obesity
- parental demand / family discord
What are obsessive thoughts? How can these be controlled?
Recurrent, time consuming, and intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety and distress. The content of the obsessions can differ but are often remarkably similar.
Can be controlled by:
- body checking (weighing, pinching fat, selfies)
- counting calories
- rituals and rules (eating food in specific order, cutting small pieces, only eating at certain times).
What is the function of binge eating (mentally)?
- escaping from negative mood
- alleviated emotional stress
- attention drawn away from emotional distress
- narrowing focus to immediate environment
What are positive consequences of eating disorders according to the ED patients?
- provides a feeling of control
- relieves anxiety short term
- increased self-esteem
- prevention weight gain
- stronger ego and identity, feeling ‘special’
What are psychological consequences of eating disorders?
- Increase negative mood
- stress
- increase obsessive behaviours
- more rules
- concentration problems
- emotional numbness
- body avoidance
What are physical consequences of anorexia nervosa?
- severe underweight
- lanugo (growing hair over the body)
- poor blood circulation (acrocyanosis)
- Erytheme ab igne (skin discoloration due to hot water bottle because they’re always cold)
What are physical consequences of vomiting?
- Russell’s sign (marks on knuckles from putting hand in mouth to vomit)
- swelling of parotid and submandibular glands
- erosion of teeth.
What are the invisible physical consequences of eating disorders?
- Hypoglycemia
- heart problems
- lack of growth in children
- Amenorrhea (sometimes infertility as result)
- osteoporosis
- kidney problems
- low on electrolytes with effect on muscles.
In underweight: low blood pressure, slow heartbeat, refeeding syndrom, orthostatic hypotension.
What are social consequences of eating disorders?
- Social isolation
- avoidance of social contacts
- difficulties in social engagement
- conflicts with parents/spouse
- avoidance of situations involving eating or body exposure
- avoidance physical activities
- not being able to work or go to school.
What are the mortality and recovery numbers of eating disorders?
50% recovers fully, 30% partly, and 20% is chronic.
It has the highest mortality of all psychiatric disorders.
