Prevention of addiction Flashcards
What are drugs?
- substances that alter the normal functioning of our central nervous system and are used for that reason.
- The user seeks the effect and if the substance isn’t for medical reasons. Otherwise it is not drugs.
What are the classes of drugs? And which drugs are included in these classes?
Downers - calming
- alcohol
- Cannabis
- Tranquilisers & sedatives
- GHB
- Opiates
- Solvents
Uppers - stimulating
- Tobacco
- caffeine
- XTC
- cocaine
- crack
- speed
Trippers - altering perception
- Mushrooms
- LSD
- Certain cactuses
- Cannabis
What are categories in which drugs can be categories
- acute toxicity
- Chronic toxicity
- Addiction
- Social harm on the individual
- Social harm on the society
Social harm: hurting people because of the use of the drugs (car accident, abuse)
What is healthy drinking according to Dutch guidelines? And what categories can you fall into based on this?
max 1 glass a day, no more than 7 drinks a week.
this is regardless of sex
What are short term and long term risks of alcohol use? And what are the consequences?
Short term:
- lowered inhibition
- hangover
- memory loss
Long term:
- weight gain
- cancer, heart disease, other diseases
- developing addiction
consequences:
- High society costs, use in general
- domestic/traffic accidents
- health care costs (for the use or the diseases)
What are the short and long term risks of cannabis use?
short term risks
- lowered blood pressure/fainting
- decreased memory, concentration
- psychological problems
Long term risks
- lung damage
- cancer, lung damage
- addiction
What is ecstacy (XTC/MDMA) and what are the risks?
Originally as diet drug, now party drug.
Risks
- brain damage
- overheating, water intoxication
- short term depressive feelings after use/serotonin depletion (Tuesday blues)
- poisoned pills (when mixed with other things)
- addiction.
How are opiates used and what are the effects/consequences of using it?
You can smoke, inject, or swallow
Addictive because you have to take it every 4-6 hours to avoid withdrawal
Mostly in an older group (though small).
Effects:
- Pleasure
- pain relief
- suppression of breathing (can lead to death)
- risk of other diseases
- Heavy burden on health care and police
What are biological, cognitive and behavioural, and social cultural theories on development of addiction?
Biological
- genetic factors
- reactivity
Cognitive and behavioural theories
- modeling
- coping with stress
- impulsiveness,
- sensation seeking
- antisocial behaviour
Social cultural theories
- more adduction in more stress
- culture
- difference between sex
Explain the circle of substance abuse.
Start with substance abuse:
- dopamine release (‘high’)
- dopamine re-uptake inhibition
- Rebinding post-synaptic receptor
- Reduction receptors (you have to take more drugs to get the same effect)
- increased substance use
What factors are included in the criteria for addiction in the DSM-5?
- Severity scale (mild 2-3, moderate 3-5, severe 6+ of the 11)
- behavioural addictions are included
- brain reward systems as central component to initiation and maintenance of addiction
- cravings of drugs replaced problems with the law
(check further criteria in slides)
Treatment options
- detoxing (for heavy users under supervision, withdrawal can be fatal)
- biological treatments (medication, methadon, heroin)’
- psychological treatment (exposure and respons prevention, CBT, system therapy, relapse prevention)
- Sociocultural (AA, prevention programs, 12-steps program)
What are methods for prevention of addiction
- reduction of availability
- information and education
- early detection
- national prevention akkoord
What are prevention goals to prevent addiction?
- Increase knowledge on drugs
- influence attitude
- Decrease drug use
- Postpone first use (Nix 18)
- decerase abuse and dpendence
- harm reduction
What are different approaches to meet goals in prevention
- specific target groups (eg. school)
- more general (mass media, community)
- internet-interventions
