prevention of infection Flashcards
acinetobacter
can live for 5 months on dry surfaces
clostridium and bacillus
produce spores
Klebsiella pneumonia
can last 30 months
cleaning
removal of soil
disinfection
reducing the number of micro organisms
sterilisation
removal of all living organisms
disinfections for the environment
chlorine based, bind thiol group in proteins broad spectrum inc spores rapid and cheap unstable, restricted self life irritant
disinfectants around patients
Quaternary ammonium salts safe and stable inactivated by soil damage bacterial membranes - not spores can be pumped out by RND efflux pumps psuedemonas use to grow- colonise
sterilising medical equipment
autoclaving to remove soil (prevents penetration) washer disinfectant flushing removes soil. wash with disinfectant, rinse, thermal disinfection alternatives ethylene oxide - alkylating agent glutaraldehyde - cross linking paracetic acid - oxidation ionising radiation
prevention of infection during surgery
operating theatre:
air passed through HEPA, removes particles
interception, impact and diffusion
positive air pressure (increased inside)
antisepsis
disinfection of skin
iodophors (surgical scrub) thiol groups inactivation
chlorahexadine
disrupts cell membranes
surgeries that require antibiotic prophylaxis
S. aureus colonisation
GI, respiratory or genital tract surgery
repair of open wounds
inflammation or pus present
S aureus decolonisation
Mupirocin atopic in nose
patients tested as they enter hospital - MSA indicator
post exposure prophylaxis
rheumatic fever = penicillin G
TB/meningitis = Rifampycin, Isoniazid
bitten by animal
metronidazole - anaerobe
organ transplant
immunosuppressed more likely to get infection to: aspergillus clostridium MRSA listeria cryptococcus
