bone, joint and soft tissue Flashcards
skin/skin structure infections (SSSIs) diagnosis
staphylococcus aureus - gold, grapes (gram positive coccus) catalase positive
streptococcus pyogenes - chains of gram positive coccus. catalse negative. fever causing.
staphylococcus aureus virulence factors
catalse positive coagulase hyaluronidase protein A haemolysins lipase protease
streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors
lancefield group A capsule adhesins hyaluroniase haemolysins anti-opsonic factor
skin environment
dry, sheds low pH sebacious secretions lyzosyme resident competition
Folliculitis
infection of hair folicle
staph aureus - pus - WBCs, neutrophils
pseudemonas aeruginosa
Furuncle
deeper penetration
single folicle
carbuncle
collection of furuncles connected subcutaneously
extends into subcutaneous fat - below dermis
bacteraemia
Impetigo
superficial skin infection - layers of subcorneal keratinocytes
staph aureus - golden scabs
highly infectious, common in men - high contact sport
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
babies/children
staph aureus secretes exfoliative toxin
breaks down desomosomes between granulosum and spinosum
mortality in adults opportunistic infection- electrolyte imbalace
erysipelas
superficial form of celulitis - infection of dermis
red lesions
group A strep (pyogenes)
cellulitis
rapidly spreading infection of skin, fat and underlying tissue
septacaemia
not raised
caused by break on skin
S. aureus, P aeruginosa, enterobactericae
anarobes - forniers gangrene
surgical wound infections
S aureus
antibiotic prophalyxasis used in bowel and orthopeadic surgery to prevent
necrotising fascitis
rare flesh eating infects soft tissues (fascia) inflammation, tissue necrosis quick spread, extreme pain group A strep
gangrene
infection of deep tissue loss of blood supply loss of O2 - anaerobes clostridium species smelly
gas gangrene
clostridium perfringens
alpha toxin - phospholipase damages membrane
rapid metabolism = gas observed
rapid spread = 12 minute doubling time
anthrax
bacillus anthraxis - gram positive
spore forming
cutaneous - ulcerative skin lesions
Rickettsia infection
Rickettsia species obligate intracellular parasite transmitted by fleas Typhus - epidemic - skin rash - typhoid fever endemic - Rickettsia Typhi rocky mountain spotted fever - Rickettsia Ricketsi
bite infections
humans - worst - Eikenella corrodens
lyme disease
spirochete - Botellia Burgorferi
target shaped rash. fever, muscle pain
transmitted via tick
osteomyelitis
infection of the bone due to haemetogenous spread inoculation during surgery pain/swelling hyperdense on x ray staph and strep - long bones M tuberculosis and T pallidum - spine kingella kingae - pelvis difficult to treat - antibiotics cannot penetrate
septic arthritis
staph aureus strep pyogenes capsule similar to hyaluronic acid salmonella enterica haemophillus influenzae N. ghonorrhea hypomobility, warmth sinobial fluid taken as sample
dental cari
polymicrobial strep mutans actinomyces - ludvigs angina HSV oral thrush cause osteomyelitis
