CNS infections

Question 1

Brain

Answer 1

protected by meningeal layers

Question 2

meningitis

Answer 2

inflammation of meningeal layers

Question 3

encephilis

Answer 3

inflammation of the brain

Question 4

brain abcess

Answer 4

localised puss filled lesions in the brain parenchyma
diagnostic imaging
often polymicrobial: S. aureus, streptococci, bacteroides due to bacteraemia
need to drain fluid
fatal complication - lumbar puncture, pressure forces brain down spinal column
headache, seizures

Question 5

subdural emypema

Answer 5

collected of pus between the outer meningeal layers

polymicrobial

Question 6

ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Answer 6

treat brain abcess, empyema
stop build up
one way valve routed to GI tract
shunt can become infected by biofilm of coagulase negative staph

Question 7

neonatal meningitis

Answer 7

group B strep
listeria monocytogenes
enterobacteriacae

Question 8

older (+50) meningitis

Answer 8

gram neg bacillus
L. monocytogenes
S. pneumonia

Question 9

strep pneumonia

Answer 9

leolancet 
encapsulated 
vaccine 
high mortality - 20-30% 
10% permanent neurological damage
adults

Question 10

neisseria meningitis

Answer 10

gram neg diplococci 
non blancing rash - septicemia causing haemorrhage of capillaries 
resides in neutrophils
capnophillic
carried in URT of 20% population
common in young adults
passed through respiratory droplets
blockage of blood vessels - amputation

Question 11

Haemophilis Influenzae

Answer 11

gram neg pleomorphic
type B - capsule
children vaccinated at 3

Question 12

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 12

chronic
rare
auramine rhodamine stain for diagnosis