Prevention of Flies and Mosquitoes Flashcards
house fly characteristics
- most widely distributed insect of importance to mankind
house fly biology eggs
- deposited in decaying vegetable, animal matter, garbage, animal/human fecal material, contaminated soil
- lays 20 batches of eggs every 3-4 days
- hatch in 8-12hrs under favorable conditions
house fly larvae (maggots)
- creamy white 13mm (0.5) in length
- develop 3-24 days (depending on conditions)
- burrow into soil – developing brown pupal case
house fly pupa
- usually lasts 4-5 days; adult emerges
house fly adult
- gray in color
- gray thorax
- has 4 equally broad, dark longitudinal stripes
- has non-biting, sponging mouth parts
- body hairs
disease importance
- vomit on food, then lap it up
- good mechanical vector
- habitually walks on organic filth
- can carry many disease organisms/cause myiasis
blow fly characteristics
- also known as blue-bottle/green-bottle flies
- identified by their large metallic shining blue/green abdomens
blow fly disease importance
- although rarely a public health concern, their larvae ( surgical maggots) may cause myiasis
sand fly biological characteristics
- eggs laid where there is abundance of organic matter
- adults
- ) small, moth-like (5mm or 1/25”)
- ) bodies/wings densely covered w/t hair
- ) only females have piercing mouthparts for sucking blood
- ) invade dwellings to bite man, evenings and night
sand fly disease importance
- disease flies transmit to man are
- bacterial (bartonella)
- viral (sand fly or pappataci fever)
- protozoal (leishmaniasis)
TSE TSE Fly characteristics
- easily identified by way they fold their wings when resting
(scissor-like fashion above the abdomen) - has characteristic discal cell (cleaver shaped) in wing
- prominent biting mouthparts
- these flies restricted to African continent south of Sahara Desert
- both sexes are blood suckers
TSE TSE Fly disease importance
- capable of transmitting trypanosomiasis
black fly characteristics
- small in length (1-5mm)
- dark in color
- stout body with short, broad wings
- female species may feed on man as well as domestic, wild animals, leaving a large size bite wound
black fly disease transmission
- capable of vactoring onchocerciasis river blindness
horse/deer fly characteristics
- robust insects w/t powerful wings
- their size can range from that of house fly to nearly 25 mm (1”) in length
- inflict exceedingly painful bites
horse/deer fly disease transmission
- known to vector
- bacterial (anthrax, tularemia)
- protozoan (trypanosomes)
- helminthic (loa loa) infections. loiasis/African eye worm
eye gnats characteristics
- very small flies, given their name for their predilection for eye secretions
- they are also attracted to wounds, pus, sebaceous secretions
- annoying to man bc of their persistent habit of swarming closely about the face
- they are able to abrade wound edges, conjunctival epithelium w/t their mouthparts equipped w/t upturned spines designed as effective cutting instruments
eye gnats disease transmission
- no significant disease occurrence. mostly, troublesome for man
control methods house fly, blow fly
- chem control against filth flies aboard ship is rarely justified
- best corrected removing/containing garbage onboard/by controlling nearby breeding source ashore
- applications residual insecticides areas fly congregation necessary to provide satisfactory level control
- miscellaneous control measures
- screen
- fans
- fly paper
- baited traps
control methods sand fly
- short flight range, elimination potential breeding sites near infested area give relatively good control
- application residual sprays w/t equipment, dosages recommended house flies, mosquitoes suitable control
control methods TSE TSE Fly
- bc diversity habits, practical absence free-living larval form, difficult to control
- modes of control that have been/are being utilized
- traps
- natural enemies (bio control)
- control host game animal
- establishment fly barriers
- aerosol space sprays
control methods black fly
- larvicides to streams where immature forms are developing
- personal protective measures are considered essential
- use of protective netting, fabric
control methods house/deer fly
- frequently ineffective
- applications insecticides similar to recommended for mosquito control may be effective under some conditions
control methods eye gnats
- control these species by use aerial, ground delivered sprays, aerosols generally unsuccessful
aedes aegypti characteristics
- distribution in US, southeaster, southern states extending to north carolina, tennessee, arkansas
aedes aegypti biology
- small, dark species
- lyre-shaped silver-white lines on thorax
- white bands on tarsal segments
aedes aegypti eggs
- laid singly, side of containers at/above water line
- less often water surface
- able to withstand drying for several months, hatch quickly when containers filled again w/t water
aedes aegypti breeding places
- flower vases
- tin cans
- jars
- discarded automobile tires
- unused water closets
- cisterns
- rain barrels
- sagging roof gutters
- tree holes
aedes aegypti larvae
- develop in 6-10 days in favorable conditions
aedes aegypti pupa
- about 2days develop
aedes aegypti adult
- prefer blood of man to other animals
- enter houses readily, even screened
- bites, morning, late afternoon
- attacks quietly, prefers bite ankle, under coat sleeves/back of neck
aedes aegypti disease transmission
- dengue fever
- yellow fever
- tularemia
- filarial nematodes
anopheles species characteristics
- wings spotted
- rest head, thorax, abdomen all straight line, held 40-90 degrees to surface on which are sitting
anopheles biology eggs
- laid singly on water surface, supported lateral floats
anopheles larvae
- diff types water, mainly permanent bodies fresh water
- feed beneath water surface, ingest microscopic animal, plant life
anopheles adult
- active at night
- need blood meal before produce fertile eggs
anopheles disease transmission
- malaria
culex species characteristics
- most occur tropical, subtropical regions of world
- breed quiet water all types
- artificial containers to Lg bodies permanent water
- water considerable organic material, sewage
culex eggs
- deposited in rafts of 100/more
culex adults
- inactive during day, biting at night
culex disease transmission
- encephalomyelitis
control methods for mosquitoes
- permanent/temporary whether designed eliminate breeding area/kill present pop
- drain standing water
- dispose artificial containers
- treat water w/t larvicides
personal protective measures mosquitoes
- window screen
- treated net
- insect repellants
- treated uniform
- chemoprophylaxis
