Prevention Flashcards
describe caries?
a disease of the dental hard tissues caused by the action of microorganisms, found in plaque, on fermentable carbohydrates
what are risk indicators in children for caries?
- Oral hygiene
- Diet
- Bacterial exposure
- Socioeconomic status
- Breast/bottle feeding
- Fluoride exposure
- Parental smoking
- Parental oral health status
what is early childhood caries also known as and what does it typically affect?
- Also known as nursing caries.
- Typically affects the upper anterior and molar teeth
what is typical cause of nursing caries?
- Inappropriate use of feeding cups and bottles
what is important in prevention?
- diet
- fluoride
- oral hygiene
what is diet and nutrition advice to a new mother with her baby?
- Use of a feeding cup rather than a bottle should be recommended from 6 months (free-flow spout).
- Drinks containing free sugars should never be put in a feeder bottle.
- Children should not be put to bed with a feeder bottle or cup.
what is advice to give to people taking sweetened drinks?
- mealtimes only.
- dilute as much as possible.
- take through a straw which should be held at the back of the mouth.
- plain water or milk only safe drink between meals
what advice is given in regards to sugars?
- Food and confectionary containing free sugar should be minimised and restricted to mealtimes only.
- encourage use of non-sugar sweeteners
- use sugar free chewing gu,
- clinicians should prescribe sugar free medicines
what age should children be able to brush their own teeth and why?
- 8 years
- Children under the age of 8 lack the dexterity to brush their own teeth effectively
what is toothpaste strength recommendations?
- First tooth eruption- 3 years
1000ppmF for standard risk kids - 4-16 years
1000-1500ppmF for standard risk kids - High risk children under 10 years
1500ppmF - High risk 10 and over
2800ppmF (prescription only) - High risk 16 and over
5000ppmF (prescription only)
what is amount of tooth paste for children?
- Smear of paste (approx. 0.1ml) for children under 3
- Pea-sized amount (approx. 0.25ml) for children age 3 and over
what is tooth brushing practice instructions?
- Spit out excess, do not rinse.
- Use a small headed manual brush.
- don’t put under water
what is amount of toothpase that is toxic?
5mg/kg body weight
how to manage fluoride toxicity?
- <5mg/kg Give calcium orally (milk) and observe for a few hours.
- 5-15mg/kg Give calcium orally (milk, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate) and admit to hospital.
- > 15mg/kg Admit to hospital immediately, cardiac monitoring and life support, intravenous calcium gluconate.
what age should children use mouthrinse?
- Not recommended for children under the age of 6.
- Even over 6 need to assess the child’s ability to properly expectorate.
when should fluoride varnish be applied?
- every 4 to 6 months in high risk children
what is conditions impair good oral hygiene?
- autism
- learning difficulties
high caries risk patients what is interventions for the ages 8+, 10+ and 16+?
- 8+ - prescribe 0.05% NaF daily fluoride rinse
- 10+ - prescribe 2800ppmF toothpaste
- 16+ - prescribe 2800/5000ppmF toothpaste
what age do you start applying fluoride varnish?
3 years
how often do you give fluoride varnish for low and high risk patietns
- 2x a year
- 4x a year
what is dosages of fluoride varnishes for ages 2-5 years and 6+ years
2-5 years - 0.25ml
6+ - 0.4ml
what are instructions for fluoride varnish?
- avoid eating, drinking or rinsing for 30 mins
what are contraindications for fluoride varnish?
- allergy to colophony
- have been hospitalised to severe asthma in last 12 months
- ulcerative gingivitis
what is instructions for fissure sealants for high risk?
- fissure seal all newly erupted permanent first molars. use resin based sealants
when and what do you use for fissure sealants if can’t use resin based sealants
- if patient is uncooperative and can’t get good moisture control or partially erupted tooth
- you would use GIC sealant
when do you take radiographs?
- biteweings every 6 months for high risk children
- every 12-18 months for low risk
