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FAMS > Preventing the Sick Calf > Flashcards

Preventing the Sick Calf Flashcards

1
Q

What are some alternative names for Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex?

A

Pneumonia and Shipping Fever

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2
Q

What bacteria are in the BRDC?

A

Mannheimia haemolytica
Pasteurella multocida
Histophilus somni
Mycoplasma bovis
Bibersteinia trehalosi

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3
Q

What is the most common combination of bacteria isolated from BRDC complex lung submissions? If its only 1 agent, watch is the most common?

A

M. haemolytica and P. multocida

M. haemolytica then H. somni

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4
Q

What is the most common single agent isolated from URT samples in calves with BRDC?

A

M. haemolytica

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5
Q

BRD is the most __ important disease in feeders

A

Economically - think $90 lost per sick calf due to decreased efficiency and medical expenses

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6
Q

How does BRDC happen?

A

Multifactorial disease

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7
Q

What is the disease sequence of events for BRDC?

A
  1. Susceptible animal exposed
  2. Incubation is the period from the first replication of the disease causing biological agent until sufficient compromise of the target organs causing loss of function of the target organs
  3. Primary viral BRD this averages 3 days
  4. Secondary bacterial BRD averages 3 to 5 days behind the initial viral infection
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8
Q

Briefly describe how bacteria cause BRDC

A

Virus destroys cells that protect the lung -> bacteria move from their hang out to the lung -> lung cells provide lots of food with very little defense

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9
Q

Where does mannheimia come from?

A

Mannheimia haemolytica is in the tonsils and its in almost all calves already have it so preventing infections is not really the problem

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10
Q

What factors are most important in preventing BRDC?

A

Calf purchasing
Nutrition
“Other stressors”

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11
Q

Name the two factors you can control when preventing BRDC?

A
  1. Types of calves purchased
  2. Management of calves at receiving
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12
Q

Name the 4 categories of calves

A

Category 1: preconditioned calves
Category 2: calves bought straight off of one farm
Category 3: fresh market calves
Category 4: stale calves

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13
Q

Briefly explain what a preconditioned calf is (category 1) and what vaccines they require?

A

Preconditioned means that they’ve had all of their vaccines including IBR-BVD type I and II - PI3- BRSV, mannheimia hemolytica and blackleg. It also means that they won’t get other home raised calves sick and are from a defined program.

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14
Q

Low stress handling decreases __ and increases__

A

Morbidity, carcass weight

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15
Q

MLV vaccines provide higher __ than killed when both are boostered

A

Immunity

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16
Q

What does double vaccinated mean?

A

Calves have received 2 sets of shots for IBR-BVD-PI3-BRSV with at least one being a MLV

17
Q

Weaning should be at least __ days

A

45

18
Q

For all catergory 1-4 calves, what should you do?

A

Parasite control: deworm and delice, Coccidiostat

19
Q

For category 2 calves, what should do within 24 hours of their arrival to the farm?

A

Vaccinate with 5 way MLV, Blackleg, Parasite control +/- implant

20
Q

Category 3 calves are the most difficult to make a program for. what are some things we should do within the first 24 hours?

A
  • Vaccinate with a 5 way MLV and blackleg
  • parasite control
  • +/- Pasteurella toxoid vaccine
  • selenium
  • start on palpable grain diet
  • maybe metaphylaxis
21
Q

Start calves off right by giving then plenty of water and highly __ and __ feed

A

Palatable and quality

22
Q

Feed when calves arrive to the farm should be palatable and not have too much __

A

Starch

23
Q

how would a calf become persistently infected with BVD?

A

Infected in utero before the immune system develop at about 150 days

24
Q

__ is the most common way to test for BVD

A

Ear notch

25
Q

You have a calf that tests positive for BVD, what does that mean?

A

It’s one of 3 things:

  1. BVD -PI calf
  2. Transiently infectived - acutely infected at time of test
  3. False positive
26
Q

What should you do if you’re having too many sick calves? Why should you not jump to others?

A

Change cattle buying practices

Many would think to give more antibiotics or switch vaccination programs but you need calves with good defenses for treatment to work. No antibiotic is good enough without help from the calf too

27
Q

In what scenario should you use metaphalaxis?

A
  • high dollar cattle
  • treated >15% of calves in one day
  • treated greater than > 25-30% of calves on 3 consecutive days
28
Q

__ is commonly used in feeds as an antibiotic but is not backed up by science

A

CTC (chlortetracycline)

29
Q

__ calves get more sick, die more and have fewer gains than __

A

Bull, steer

FAMS (16 decks)

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