Preventing Heart Disease and DM T2

Question 1

list the novel risk factors for cardiovascular health

Answer 1

• excess homocysteine in blood
• inflammatory markers (CRP)
• abnormal blood coagulation (elevated blood levels of fibrinogen)

Question 2

list the new blood pressure categories (new guidelines)

Answer 2

• normal: less than 120/80
• elevated: SBP 120-129 and DBP less than 80
• stage 1: SBP 130-139 or DBP between 80-89
• stage 2: SBP =/> 140 or DBP =/> 90
• hypertensive crisis: SBP > 180 and/or DBP > 120

Question 3

describe lipid management goals

Answer 3

• LDL-C should be less than 100 mg/dL
• further reduction of LDL-C to <70 mg/dL is reasonable

Question 4

____ and ____ are the most preventable risk factors for diabetes, and could potentially lead to more than 50% reduction in prevalence of diabetes

Answer 4

obesity and physical activity are the most preventable risk factors for diabetes, and could potentially lead to more than 50% reduction in prevalence of diabetes

Question 5

describe the treatment of metformin vs acarbose

Answer 5

• metformin: most effective among younger, heavier people and less effective among older people and people who were not overweight
• acarbose: reduced risk of diabetes in people with IGT