Community Approaches to Substance Use Disorder

Question 1

describe the transtheoretical model (stages of change theory)

Answer 1

• focuses on the decision-making of the individual and is a model of intentional change
• operates on the assumption that:
  
  • people do not change behaviors quickly and decisively
  • rather, change in behavior, especially habitual behavior, occurs continuously through a cyclical process
• individuals move through 6 stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and termination
• ignores the social context in which change occurs, SES and income

Question 2

describe the health belief model

Answer 2

• suggests that a person’s belief in a personal threat of an illness or disease together with a person’s belief in the effectiveness of the recommended health behavior or action will predict the likelihood the person will adopt the behavior
• there are 6 constructs of the HBM:
  
  • perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to action, self-efficacy

Question 3

contrast universal programs, selective programs and indicated programs

Answer 3

• universal programs: reach the general pop. such as all students in a school or all parents in a community
• selective programs: target groups such as children of substance abusers or those who display problems at school and have an above-avg. risk of dev. substance use issues
• indicated programs: are for those whose actions e.g. antisocial or other risky behaviors such as truancy, academic failure or hanging out with peers who misuse substances, put them at high risk for substance use issues

Question 4

list the stratification of patients into 3 categories of substance use

Answer 4

• hazardous use: brief counseling by physician
• substance abuse: brief counseling + intensive ongoing follow-up + re-evaluation
• substance dependence: counseling + referral to speciality treatment + pharmacotherapy

Question 5

describe the CRAFFT screening tool

Answer 5