Pretest 2 Flashcards
What do viruses inject into your cells?
DNA
Which cycle involves the reproduction of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses and leads to the death of the host cell?
Lytic cycle
Which cycle allows for phage to integrate its DNA into bacterial DNA without killing the host cell?
Lysogenic cycle
What does HIV insert into your cell?
RNA
What is a retrovirus?
A virus that has RNA instead of DNA as genetic material
What are the primary cells in the autoimmune system?
T-cells and B-cells
What do B-cells produce?
Antibodies
Why is it difficult to produce HIV vaccines?
HIV mutates rapidly
What is unusual about Covid-19?
It jumps between species
What do HIV positive people use to avoid developing AIDS?
Antivirals
Why are antivirals saved until urgently needed?
If antivirals are used too frequently, viruses can mutate to become immune to them
What are genes that code things called?
Exons
What are genes that code nothing called?
Introns
Why can RNA break down easily?
It is a single-stranded molecule
Why do Africans have higher chances of surviving viruses?
Development in their autoimmune systems that Americans and Europeans don’t have
Where does Vitamin D come from?
The sun
What do we need Vitamin D for?
Healthy bones
What protects against the damaging effects of UV rays?
Melanin
What did people do to prevent Vitamin D deficiency?
They fortified Vitamin D in milk and orange juice
What does adaption lead to?
Evolution
What is Adaption to Evolution driven by?
Natural selection
What is Darwin’s Theory about?
Gradualism (evolution occurs through accumulation of gradual changes)
Theory that states that evolutionary change isn’t constant; it happens in short periods of rapid evolution followed by long period when no change occurs
Punctuated equilibrium
Plants don’t carry enough…
Protein
