Pressure Sores Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pressure sore.

A

They are due to skin ischaemia from sustained pressure over a bony prominence.

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2
Q

What are the most common sites for pressure sores. (2)

A

Heel.

Sacrum.

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3
Q

Who are pressure sores most common in. (4)

A

Elderly, immobile, unconscious or paralysed patients.

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4
Q

How many grades of pressure sores are there.

A

1-4.

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5
Q

What is a grade 1 pressure sore.

A

Non-blanchable erythema of intact skin.

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6
Q

What is a grade 2 pressure sore.

A

partial thickness skin loss of epidermis/dermis (blister or shallow ulcer).

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7
Q

What is a grade 3 pressure sore.

A

Full thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous tissue but not fascia.

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8
Q

What is a stage 4 pressure sore. (2)

A

Full thickness skin loss with involvement of muscle/bone/tendon/joint capsule.

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9
Q

What are the risk factors for developing pressure sores. (4)

A

Prolonged immobility.
Decreased sensation.
Vascular disease.
Poor nutrition.

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10
Q

What are some vascular causes of pressure sore development. (3)

A

Atherosclerosis.
DM.
Scleroderma.

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11
Q

What are some poor nutritional factors for the development of pressure sores. (3)

A

Anaemia.
Hypoalbuminaemia.
Vitamin C or zinc deficiency.

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12
Q

Where do the majority of pressure sores occur.

A

In hospital.

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13
Q

What percentage of pressure sores appear within 2 weeks of hospitalization.

A

70%.

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14
Q

What percentage of pressure sores occur in orthopaedic patients.

A

70%.

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15
Q

What percentage of pressure sores occur in the community.

A

Between 20-30%.

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16
Q

How long is the progression from the first signs of a pressure sore (red/blue discoloration of the skin) to ulceration.

A

1-2hours.