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Dermatology > Eczema > Flashcards

Eczema Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is another word for eczema.

A

Dermatitis.

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2
Q

Is eczema more of a problem in the developed or developing world.

A

In the Developed world.

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3
Q

What percentage of people have eczema at any one time.

A

10%.

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4
Q

What percentage of the population will have an episode of eczema in their lifetime.

A

40%.

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5
Q

What are the two broad classifications of eczema.

A

Endogenous. Exogenous.

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6
Q

What are the subtypes of endogenous eczema. (6)

A

Atopic Eczema. Discoid Eczema. Hand Eczema. Seborrhoeic Eczema. Venous (‘gravitational’) Eczema. Asteatotic Eczema.

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7
Q

What are the subtypes of exogenous eczema. (4)

A

Contact Eczema - Irritant. Contact Eczema - Allergic. Photosensitive Eczema. Lichen simplex/modular prurigo.

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8
Q

What percentage of the UK population suffer from atopic eczema.

A

5%.

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9
Q

When does atopic eczema usually present.

A

Usually during childhood. Occurs in 10-20% of all children.

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10
Q

What is the commonest symptoms of atopic eczema.

A

Itchy, ill-defined erythematous scaly patches on flexor surfaces.

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11
Q

What are the signs of atopic eczema. (3)

A

Erythematous scaly patches. Oedema. Vesicles. (usually in acute lesions)

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12
Q

Where does atopic eczema usually present in infants.

A

First presents on the face, before spreading to the rest of the body.

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13
Q

What is a complication of scratching in atopic eczema.

A

Excoriations.

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14
Q

What is a complication of repeated rubbing (eg. from clothing) in atopic eczema.

A

Skin thickening (lichenification), with exaggerated skin markings.

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15
Q

Define atopy

A

An inherited altered immune reactivity.

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16
Q

What are some conditions related to atopy (4)

A

Asthma. Hay fever. Conjunctivitis. Eczema.

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17
Q

How does atopic eczema presentation differ in pigmented skin. (3)

A

Often shows a reverse pattern of extension involvement. The eczema may be popular or follicular in nature. Lichenification is common.

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18
Q

What is a complication of atopic eczema in pigmented skin.

A

Post-inflammatory hyper or hypo-pigmentation is a common problem after control of the eczema.

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19
Q

What are some associated features of eczema in atopic individuals. (3)

A

There can be roughening of the skin in the upper arms and thighs (keratosis pilaris). The palms may show very prominent skin creases (hyperlinear palms). There may be associated dry ‘fish-like’ scaling of the skin which is non-inflammatory and often prominent on the lower legs (ichthyosis vulgaris).

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20
Q

Why is infection a risk in those with atopic eczema.

A

Broken skin commonly becomes secondarily infected by bacteria.

21
Q

What is the most common bacteria causing secondary infection in atopic eczema.

A

Staphylococcus aureus.

22
Q

What organisms may cause infection in atopic eczema. (4)

A

Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococci species. Cutaneous viral infections (eg. viral warts and molluscum). Herpes simplex virus (causes an eruption called eczema herpeticum = Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption).

23
Q

What are some ocular complications of atopic eczema. (3)

A

Conjunctival irritation. Keratoconjunctivitis (less common). Cataract (less common).

24
Q

What problem may be present in children with chronic severe atopic eczema.

A

Retarded growth.

25
Q

What is discoid eczema

A

A morphological variant of eczema.

26
Q

What is discoid eczema characterized by.

A

Well-demarcated scaly patches, especially on the limbs.

27
Q

What can discoid eczema be commonly confused with.

A

Psoriasis.

28
Q

Is discoid eczema more common in children or adults

A

In adults

29
Q

Does discoid eczema occur in atopic or non-atopic individuals.

A

It can occur in both.

30
Q

There is often an _______ component to discoid eczema

A

Infective

31
Q

What are the symptoms of hand eczema. (3)

A

Itchy vesicles on the palms and along the sides of the fingers. Diffuse erythematous scaling and hyperkeratosis of the palms. Scaling and peeling, most noticeable at the finger tips.

32
Q

Does hand eczema occur in atopic or non-atopic individuals.

A

Both, but more commonly in non-atopic individuals.

33
Q

What are the causes of hand eczema. (2)

A

Contact with irritants. Fungal infections can induce a secondary reaction (ID reaction)

34
Q

What is seborrhoeic eczema caused by

A

An overgrowth of pityrosporum oval, coupled with a strong immune reaction to this yeast causes the characteristic inflammation and scaling of seborrhoeic eczema.

35
Q

Who is seborrhoeic eczema more common in. (2)

A

Parkinson’s patients. HIV patients.

36
Q

Where does seborrhoeic eczema usually present.

A

Areas of the body rich in Sebaceous glands.

37
Q

What age groups are affected by sebborrhoeic eczema.

A
  1. Neonates - a yellowish thick crust on the scalp (cradle cap). 2. Young male adults - 1-3% of the population. Erythematous scaling along the sides of the nose, in the eyebrows, around the eyes and extends into the scalp. It may affect the skin around the sternum, axilla, groins and the glans penis. 3. In the elderly - can be more severe and progress to involve large areas of the body and even cause erythroderma.
38
Q

What is venous eczema.

A

Occurs on the lower legs due to chronic venous hypertension. (usually longer than 2 years)

39
Q

In who and where does venous eczema tend to occur.

A

In elderly women. It usually appears on the lower legs around the ankles.

40
Q

What are two important features of the PMH to include in patients presenting with venous eczema.

A

Ask if there is a past history of venous thrombosis. Ask if there has been any previous surgery for varicose veins.

41
Q

What other signs may be present in someone presenting with venous eczema. (3)

A

Brownish pigmentation (haemosiderin). A Venous leg ulcer. Varicose veins.

42
Q

What is asteatotic eczema.

A

A dry plate-like cracking of the skin with a red, eczematous component.

43
Q

Who does asteatotic eczema usually occur in.

A

In the elderly.

44
Q

Where and when does asteatotic eczema usually occur in the body.

A

Predominantly on the lower legs and the backs of the hands. Occurs in winter (usually)

45
Q

What are two rare causes of asteatotic eczema.

A

A presenting sign of hypothyroidism. It can follow the commencement of diuretic therapy.

46
Q

How do you identify allergic contact and irritant contact eczema.

A

If the eczema is in an unusual or localized distribution.

47
Q

Who can develop allergic contact eczema.

A

Occurs only in those people who are susceptible to develop an allergic reaction. Occurs in up to 4% of some populations.

48
Q

What are some common causes of allergic contact eczema. (5)

A

Nickel. Chromate. Latex. Perfume. Plants.

Dermatology (8 decks)

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