Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UK Politics (OB) > pressure groups > Flashcards

pressure groups Flashcards

1
Q

how do pressure groups use courts to achieve their aims

A

prove uk law violates EU/HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are interventions

A

individuals /organisations not involved in court cases but interested in outcome
submit additional info to judges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

suprational issues

A

issue goes beyond single nations borders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why has lobbying the EU become more attractive in recent decades

A

if passed in the EU will be implemented in the UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

doctrine of supremacy

A

EU laws replacing conflicting national laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

indirect lobbying

A

focus on their affect on the public

educate public+ collect polling data to holdMPs accountable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do pressure groups use social media

A

buy advertising space
media to cover issues
likes show support #refugeeswelcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

direct action

A

violent or non violent protest can be legal or illegal
strike
property damage
sit in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why is direct action tempting for outsiders

A

outsiders don’t have contacts or status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

e-democracy

A

petitions

38 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

similarities between pressure groups and political parties

A

aims to make political changes

have leaders,members+volunteers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

characteristics of pressure groups

A

influence government
lots of them
not held accountable
focus on particular issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

characteristics of political parties

A

aim to form government
few of them
held accountable
consider multiple issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are single issue parties

A

don’t want to win power/seats

use election for protest votes and publicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are social movements

A

inform network of people who support broadly similar goals whereas pressure groups are formal+specific goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

give an example of a pressure group and social movement

A

social movement= feminism

pressure group= suffragists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why do methods used by social groups change over time

A

they use direct action and protest and they change as they grow and ideas are becoming more popular and accepted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

left wing movements

A

gay rights movement

civil right movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

right wing movements

A

countryside alliance to oppose ban on fox hunting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

main functions of pressure groups

A 
representation 
participation
education 
policy formation 
policy implementation 
scrutiny
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

explain the function of representation in pressure groups

A

represent specific sections of society
all interests and views considered
gives minorities a voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

explain the function of participation in pressure groups

A

significant as party membership declines+election turnout
single issue= more likely to feel represented than supporting a party so will participate
have alternative say in political process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

explain the function of education in pressure groups

A

raise awareness and inform public

provide evidence to government+use expertise to improve legislation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

explain policy formation in pressure groups

A

works closely wi government to develop new policies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

explain policy implementation in pressure groups

A

puts policies in place+makes them successful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

explain scrutiny in pressure groups

A

help to hold representatives accountable

have resources and expertise to scrutinise bills+motion actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

why do pressure groups aims have an impact on its chance of success

A

simplier aims have more access

some more compatible with current government policy may have more success

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

why do financial resources give some groups an advantage

A

hire lobbyists
donate to political party
hard to ignore businesses that have great influence over policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

why are human resources important to a pressure group

A

large membership base= more legitimate
methods e.g strike= more effective
increase financial resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are umbrella groups

A

represents interests of a no. of different pressure groups with similar interests/causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

example of umbrella groups

A

COPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

why can status have an impact on success

A

insider status helps to become member of policy communities+issues networks
shape legislation before drafted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

why is representation important for pressure groups

A

essential for minority groups, unpopular causes, overlooked issues +vunerable groups
work on peoples behalf (homeless)
prevents tyranny of majority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

NIMBYism

A

‘not in my back yard’
protest plan- want it to happen somewhere else
usually infrastructure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

hyperpluralism

A

lots of groups, very influential which prevent government functionally effectively
money wasted on vocal interest groups, government can’t ignore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

why are pressure groups so important for political participation

A

participate inbetween elections so officials aware of public opinion
encourage participation in a time formal participation is in decline
raise engagement levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

why is internal democracy an issue in pressure groups

A

unelected leaders make important decisions

few members actively involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

cheque book members

A

people make donations/membership fee

go no further in participation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

primary pressure groups

A

represents interest and views e.g trade unions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

secondary pressure groups

A

mainly provide services to members e.g automobile association (AA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

how do pressure groups educate the public

A

raise issues overlooked by political parties

media campaign- expose new arguments+facts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

clicktivism

A

actions performed via internet in support of issue but requires little involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

how can education provided by pressure groups be questioned

A 
one sided picture 
carefully select facts wants to use 
selective exposure (mislead public)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

pluralist theory

A

power fragmented+dispersed, large no. of groups compete with equal opportunity

45
Q

pluralist democracy

A

open+fair competition between all political parties

so many groups competing that one can’t become too powerful

46
Q

revolving door

A

movement of retired ministers and civil servants into lobbyists- lobby old colleagues

47
Q

elite theory

A

power is concentrated+ restricted

many groups compete, only few have real influence

48
Q

how could pressure group reinforce inequality

A

wealthy+well connected individuals have resources+statuse to effectively lobby
easier for them to protect their interests+status

49
Q

how can pressure groups help limit power of the government

A

select committees invite them to give evidence
can take legal action when government acts unlawfully
^ultra vires
or if legislation infringes on human rights

50
Q

why did douglas hurd describe pressure groups as “serpents that strangle efficient government”

A

pressure group activity slows down legislation process

51
Q

tyranny of minority

A

give voice to minority- if these groups have great government influence- needs of few put above of needs of broader population

52
Q

how does the electoral mandate won by the government affect the scrutiny role of pressure groups

A

weaker mandate increases importance of pressure groups scrutinising the government

53
Q

why has the growth of the state impacted pressure groups

A 
more interest in government policy (more PG)
more complexity (PG role grows to fill knowledge gap)
54
Q

what is a post industrial society

A

provide services

55
Q

what is a post materialist society

A

economically affluent focus on non material values

56
Q

why has ‘politics of the identity’become more important

A

issues aren’t identified as political parties

57
Q

what is politics of identity

A

organization going beyond class to include other social groups e.g gender + culture

58
Q

how has the decline in support for political parties impacted pressure groups

A

pressure groups and parties in competition

increased the amount

59
Q

how have advances in education shaped pressure groups

A

easier for groups to form and publicise their message

60
Q

how has advances in technology shaped pressure groups

A

easier access to news means population better informed

61
Q

how has advances in media shaped pressure groups

A

internet+ e-democracy= more formal participation
easier to organize collective action
media scrutiny

62
Q

how have constitutional reforms increased influence of pressure groups

A

no. of access points

63
Q

1973 reform

A

PG could now lobby EU

64
Q

1998 reform

A

PG could seek judicial review

65
Q

1999 reform

A

PG lobby Scottish parliament, NI+welsh assembly

66
Q

how did the HRA give PG influence

A

could now be upheld in UK courts

makes it easier for minority groups to protect their interests

67
Q

what is corporatism

A

government+interest group elites work together and make important decisions without the voters

68
Q

what has happened to trade union membership levels

A

decrease bc economy has changed

rise in tertiary sector+signifcant legislation

69
Q

2014 gagging law

A

cut amount that groups can spend on influencing elections by 60%

70
Q

what is the 2014 gagging law also known as

A

the transparency of lobbying, non party, campaigning and trade union administration act

71
Q

RMT union

A

national union of rail, maritime and transport workers

founded 1990

72
Q

aims of RMT

A

promote and defend the rights and conditions of members employed

73
Q

status of RMT

A

until 2004 was part of Labour- insider influence

influence reduced with conservative government

74
Q

RMT social media

A

raise awareness for campaigns to gain public support

75
Q

example of an RMT success

A

2011-12 lobbied transport for London about workload increase on underground staff 2012 Olympics
£850 bonuses £1000 for drivers

76
Q

example of RMT failure

A

protest against ticket office closing
striked
289 ticket offices closed

77
Q

Green Peace

A

non governmental organization operates on international scale
founded in Canada 1971

78
Q

Green Peace members

A

2.9 million

79
Q

aims of green peace

A

causal group
campaigned centered around;
climate change,forests,oceans,agriculture

80
Q

methods used by green peace

A

relied on direct action

increasingly using insider methods

81
Q

example of green peace direct action

A

boarding a whale ship

publicly destroying GM crops

82
Q

example of green peace success

A

campaign to stop tuna fishing using aggregating devices

direct and indirect action resulted in supermarkets providing clearer labelling

83
Q

example of green peace failure

A

failed to prevent cairn energy

methods alienated local population

84
Q

CBI

A

confederation of british industry

85
Q

what is the CBI

A

business organization speaks for 190,000 businesses

largest component is national farmers union

86
Q

aim of the CBI

A

promotes business interests by lobbying and advising government

87
Q

methods used by the CBI

A

surveys

campaigning e.g great business debate campaign

88
Q

core insider pressure groups

A

closely and regularly work with government

89
Q

specialist pressure groups

A

particular issues - specialism required

90
Q

peripheral insider groups

A

participate as insiders but with very little influence

91
Q

ideological pressure groups

A

differences in ideological views make it impossible to work with the government

92
Q

necessity pressure groups

A

lack of knowledge to become insider

93
Q

potential pressure groups

A

lacking support and experience

94
Q

3 types of insider groups

A

core insider
specialist
peripheral

95
Q

3 types of outsider groups

A

ideological
necessity
potential

96
Q

what are the problems of categorising pressure groups by status

A

status is not fixed can change

97
Q

what are points of access

A

people and places that a pressure groups can attempt to apply pressure for their desired change

98
Q

what are benefits of lobbying the executive branch

A

target ministers and civil servants to ensure your issues are on the agenda
shape bills before they are written, easier than securing ammendments in parliament

99
Q

what are professional lobbyists

A

someone attempts to influence government policy and legislation on behalf of another individual or groups
usually retired politicians

100
Q

what is a government consultation

A

government invite responses from individuals + groups outside parliament

101
Q

what are green papers

A

sets various ideas for a bill- provoke debate and outside input

102
Q

what are white papers

A

sets out concrete intentions for upcoming bill invites comment + outside input

103
Q

what is a policy community

A

small and stable groups, government officials+interest groups. shared interest in policy areas

104
Q

what is a issue network

A

looser+larger include pressure groups and academics

more disgreements

105
Q

what is secondary legislation

A

rules and regulations made by ministers under power given by an act of parliament

106
Q

why would pressure groups be interested in secondary legislation

A

groups would be interested so they can shape regulations which will affect them

107
Q

what are ballot bills and why do groups try to influence them

A

MP wanting to introduce private members bills can put their name forward
20 names randomly drawn beginning of year
priority to timetable their bill
can suggest their own bills for debate

108
Q

why do pressure groups work with select committees

A

can lend their expertise to help scrutinise the government

e.g department of health scrutinised by health committee

109
Q

how and why do groups lobby political parties

A

donate, attend conferences , build long term link to influence decisions

UK Politics (OB) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions