Present Subjunctive Mood

Question 1

What is Subjunctive Mood?

Answer 1

We use the subjunctive to express doubt, subjectivity, uncertainty, possibility, and generally we introduce this idea with a clause that expresses the feeling of uncertainty or subjectivity, such as the following:

Con tal (de) que… (provided that)
Antes (de) que… (before)
A menos que… (unless)
Dudar que… (to doubt that)
En caso de que… (in case)
Es bueno que… (it’s good that)
Es importante que… (it’s important that)
Es imposible que… (it’s impossible that)
Es necesario que… (it’s necessary that)
Mientras que… (while)
No estar seguro de que… (not to be sure that)
Recomendar que… (to recommend that)

Question 2

To start Present Subjunctive Conjugation

Answer 2

First you need the verb in the present “yo” form, because it will have any stem changes or spelling changes already intact. You take that form minus the “o” ending.

Question 3

-AR Present Subjunctive Conjugation

Answer 3

yo -e
tú -es
él -e
nosotros -emos
vosotros -éis
ellos -en

Question 4

-ER & -IR Present Subjunctive Conjugation

Answer 4

yo -a
tú -as
él -a
nosotros -amos
vosotros -áis
ellos -an

Question 5

There are 6 verbs that are irregular in present subjunctive

Answer 5

Dar

Ir

Saber

Haber

Estar

Ser

Question 6

e> ie and o> ue Stem Changes in all forms with -ar and -er Verbs

Answer 6

For verbs in this group, the e in the last syllable of the stem (the yo form of the present indicative) changes to ie, or the o in the last syllable of the stem (the yo form of the present indicative) changes to ue. All subjunctive forms follow the stem change except for nosotros and vosotros, which use the infinitive stem.

Question 7

e> ie (and i in nosotros and vosotros form) and o> ue (and u in nosotros and vosotros form) Stem Changes with -ir Verbs

Answer 7

All e> ie and o> ue stem-changing -ir verbs follow the same changes as in the present indicative, except the nosotros and vosotros, forms, in which the e changes to i and the o changes to u.

Question 8

e> i Stem Changes with -ir Verbs

Answer 8

All e> i stem-changing -ir verbs in the present indicative maintain the stem change in all forms of the present subjunctive.

Question 9

-ger and -gir Verbs

Answer 9

Verbs ending in -ger and -gir have a j instead of a g in the subjunctive. The base form for these verbs is the first person form of the present tense, which undergoes a spelling change.

Question 10

-car, -gar, and -zar Verbs

Answer 10

-car, -gar, and -zar Verbs
Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar undergo a change in the final consonant before -ar. These consonants change to qu, gu, and c, respectively. Some of these verbs, such as empezar, also undergo stem changes.