PRES: WikiBrainStem Flashcards
PRES: WikiBrainStem
What is the brainstem, and why is it significant?
The brainstem integrates gray and white matter and is essential for motor, sensory, and vital functions.
What disorders have targeted the brainstem for deep brain stimulation?
Parkinson’s disease, refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder, and severe depression.
Why does histological analysis struggle with brainstem segmentation?
It requires 2D slicing, which loses 3D coherence.
What imaging technology underpins WIKIBrainStem?
Ultrahigh field (11.7T) MRI.
What is the resolution for T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images in WIKIBrainStem?
T2-weighted: 100 μm isotropic; diffusion-weighted: 300 μm isotropic.
What is the primary purpose of the WIKIBrainStem atlas?
To segment brainstem structures with unprecedented detail for research and clinical use.
How many structures and substructures are included in the WIKIBrainStem atlas?
99 structures, with 29 substructures.
What are the challenges of in vivo brainstem imaging?
Motion artifacts, low resolution, and susceptibility effects near air-tissue interfaces.
What benefits do ex vivo specimens provide for imaging?
High resolution without physiological noise or motion artifacts.
Which MRI contrasts are used to enhance brainstem segmentation?
Diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted imaging.
What complementary imaging techniques are suggested for future brainstem studies?
Optical Coherence Tomography and Polarized Light Imaging.
How does WIKIBrainStem handle postmortem fixation effects on tissue?
Through compensation methods like increased gradient strength.
What is the role of segmentation rules in the atlas?
To provide consistent boundaries for anatomical structures.
Describe the red nucleus segmentation method.
Located between the superior cerebellar peduncle and interpeduncular fossa, defined by neighboring structures.
What imaging artifacts does WIKIBrainStem mitigate, and how?
Susceptibility artifacts are reduced using proton-free fluids during imaging.
